Instructions: Print the following questions, and answer offline. When you are ready to submit your answers, find the Homework #2 "quiz" in D2L. Have your answers available - you only get one attempt, in one sitting, to enter your answers in the "quiz." No late submissions are accepted, so give yourself extra time, in case you run in to technical/connection issues. Each question is worth 1 point.

1. Tetrodotoxin acts by:
A) Blocking potassium channels
B) Blocking sodium channels
C) Preventing acetylcholine release at the nerve terminal
D) Preventing serotonin reuptake

2. Ecstasy has the dual action of increasing release and blocking reuptake of:
A) Serotonin
B) Dopamine
C) Norepinephrine
D) All of the above

3. MPTP is metabolized into MPP+ by:
A) Astrocytes
B) Oligodendrocytes
C) Dopaminergic neurons
D) Myelin

4. Organophosphate pesticides act by:
A) Increasing release of acetylcholine
B) Preventing reuptake of acetylcholine
C) Mimicking acetylcholine
D) Inhibiting acetylcholinesterase

5. Botulinum toxin acts by:
A) Blocking release of acetylcholine
B) Preventing reuptake of acetylcholine
C) Mimicking acetylcholine
D) Inhibiting acetylcholinesterase

6. Compounds that cross the blood-brain barrier tend to be:
A) Lipophilic
B) Non-polar
C) Low molecular weight
D) All of the above

7. Acetaminophen is metabolized by the following Phase I enzyme:
A) Glucuronyl transferase
B) CYP2E1
C) CYP3A4
D) None of the above

8. The increased hepatic expression of CYP450 is called:
A) Inhibition
B) Induction
C) Phase I reaction
D) Phase II reaction

9. The irreversible lesions that are characteristic of cirrhosis result from deposition of __________ by fibroblasts.
A) Epithelial cells
B) Lipids
C) Bile acids
D) Collagen

10. The highest concentration of CYP450 enzyme in the liver are found in:
A) Zone 1
B) Zone 2
C) Zone 3
D) Zone 4

11. The reactive intermediate formed when acetaminophen undergoes Phase I metabolism is:
A) NAPQI
B) Isoniazid
C) CYP2E1
D) APAP

12. Vinyl chloride causes a rare form of liver tumor called:
A) Cirrhosis
B) Hepatocellular carcinoma
C) Haemangiosarcoma
D) Centrilobular hepatic necrosis

13. The following enzyme is not measured in the serum as an in vivo indicator of liver damage:
A) ALT
B) NAPQI
C) AST
D) LDH

14. Which segment of the nephron is the major site of action for nephrotoxicants?
A) glomerulus
B) loop of Henle
C) proximal tubule
D) collecting duct

15. Damage to podocytes may cause which of the following effects:
A) oliguria
B) acidosis
C) vasoconstriction
D) proteinuria
E) vasodilation

16. Metallothioneins do NOT bind which of the following:
A) chloride
B) copper
C) gold
D) mercury
E) cadmium

17. Vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles leads to:
A) increased GFR
B) atherosclerosis
C) proteinuria
D) decreased GFR
E) polyuria

18. The primary lesion in analgesic nephropathy is:
A) glomerular capillary vasoconstriction
B) increased podocyte filtration slit size
C) brush border apoptosis
D) papillary necrosis
E) none of the above

19. Chromium damages the proximal convoluted tubule, which results in:
A) increased organic anion secretion
B) decreased organic anion secretion
C) decreased glucose reabsorption
D) increased glucose reabsorption
E) increased sodium reabsorption

20. GFR can be measured directly by determining clearance of:
A) insulin
B) creatinine
C) sodium
D) potassium
E) all of the above