Indigenous Australians are still tremendously over-represented in the Australian prison system. And Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data demonstrates that the women's imprisonment rate, between 2005 and 2015, has increased by more than 50% (much more rapidly than the male imprisonment rate). Focusing on indigenous groups, women, or both (looking at the intersections of race and gender), consider whether disadvantaged groups are punished differently to dominant groups. If so, how? If not, should they be punished differently in light of their structural circumstances?