In what way are the disadvantages at which individual whites are placed by current preferential treatment policies different from the invidious discrimination practices through which women and minorities were marginalized in the past, according to Ronald Dworkin? Say briefly what this means for the Reverse Discrimination Argument (RDA)

List two of the major ironies of affirmative action according to Skrentny. Say briefly what these ironies reveal about the character of the current debate around such policies in American society? What do they reveal about the manner in which business and political elites help to shape landscape of prevailing racial attitudes