In the following examples, determine whether the term independent variable or dependent variable is appropriate.

• Michael is interested in learning the effects of using celebrity endorsement on sales. What type of variable is a celebrity endorsement?

• In an experiment, this variable is expected to be affected by the manipulation.

• Criterion variable is synonymous with this term.

• Several of these variables are somewhat correlated and are therefore are not independent among themselves.

• A predictor variable is synonymous with this term.

Fill in the blanks with the term independent variable, dependent variable, or moderating variable.

• Incentives _____________ are expected to increase productivity ____________ especially among newer employees ______________.

• The _____________ should not precede the _______________ in a research study.

• In an experiment, participants experience a manipulation of the ____________, called the experimental treatment.