In the following arguments, distinguish the claim from the warrant, that is, the conclusion from the premises:

1. Whenever interest rates are low there is a danger of inflation. I think such a danger exists now because the Federal Reserve has reduced interest rates substantially.

2. Newton was an abstract thinker because all scientist are abstract thinkers and Newton certainly was a scientist.

3. The republicans believe that making the rich richer will result in the prosperity "trickling down" to the poor. But the opposit has happened: the poor have only gotten poorer as wealth has increased for the wealthy. The trickle-down theory therfore has not worked.

4. Affrimative action programs are unfair to both mainstream and minority groups. The majority feel affirmative action is reverse discrimination, and the minority resent the implication that they can only succed when given preferential treatment.

5. Because the deathe penality has no deterrent effect and can result in the death of innocent people, it should be abolished.