In his 1990 work, "In Praise of Hierarchy," Elliott Jaques discusses real problems in hierarchal organizations. His critique identifies the following issues?

1. There are too many layers and too much distance between managers and labor, poor communication, deflection of responsibility, stress, and conflict.

2. Mid-level managers rarely add to the productivity of their line subordinates and even can reduce its value.

3. Bureaucracies often play into the nasty aspects of human behavior: greed, insensitivity, selfish careerism, and unhealthy competition.

Evaluate his assertions and, based on what you have read about decision making, planning, and organizing, suggest actions a responsible criminal justice manager could take to ameliorate the problems Jaques identified. (Hint: incorporate appropriate element of LODESTAR in your response.)