Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Which of the following statements best describes the development of the Canadian healthcare system?
a) The system emerged from careful planning by a group of physicians and politicians from Montreal.
b) The adoption of the system was unanimous and uneventful because healthcare providers, citizens, and lawmakers understood the need for it.
c) The system began in Saskatchewan, and over several decades spread through the provinces and territories.
d) Nurses began the move for national health coverage and smoothly pushed the system through the political process.

2. The largest source of funding for the Canadian healthcare system is:
a) Out-of-pocket expenses.
b) Taxes.
c) Private insurance.
d) National debt fund.

3. A registered nurse in the Northwest Territory provides care at a clinic serving Aboriginal patients. Which of the following facts will help him plan his care for this population? The Aboriginal peoples have:
a) Higher rates of diabetes, TB, and smoking and a lower life expectancy than do non-Aboriginal peoples.
b) Lower rates of heart disease but higher rates of cancer than do non-Aboriginal peoples.
c) Higher than average educational levels but lower than average health outcomes.
d) Reduced healthcare needs in the Northwest Territory compared to those in other parts of Canada.

4. Future directions for change in the Canadian healthcare system include which of the following?
a) As primary care services are being increased, public health services require more integration with the other services.
b) There will be a significant increase in the number of hospital beds while maintaining the level of primary care services.
c) Home health services are on the decline, but long-term care services are expected to increase.
d) There will be a general expansion of all services, with the ratio of money spent in each area remaining constant.

5. Models of care for provision of nursing services in Canada include:
a) Team, functional, and independent practice for nursing care.
b) Nurse practitioner-led units of care for delivery of complex care.
c) Culturally congruent teams delivering healthcare.
d) Primary care using case management and a team nursing approach.

6. A new nurse in Canada wishes to become politically active and join a nursing organization that will address the reform of the system. Which of the following organizations should this nurse join?
a) Canadian Federation of Nurses Unions
b) Canadian Labour Congress
c) Canadian Nurses Association
d) Nursing Strategy for Canada

7. Which of the following is a key issue that the Canadian healthcare system must improve as it moves into a new era?
a) Quality of care marked by errors in healthcare
b) Affordability of healthcare services for low-income and high-risk clients
c) Appropriateness of services offered to citizens and noncitizens
d) Ability to fund healthcare services for noncontributing members of the system

8. In order to practice as a registered nurse in British Columbia, a person must have current practicing registration with the College of Registered Nurses of British Columbia. Registration is best described as:
a) The least restrictive level of regulation, requiring qualified practitioners to register with a professional body.
b) The most restrictive level of regulation that allows only licensed individuals to perform specific interventions or care.
c) A level of regulation that is granted only to individuals who meet certain educational and practice requirements.
d) A higher level designation indicating professional competency and expertise within a specialty practice area.

Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

1. The Canadian healthcare system is based on a several principles. Choose all that apply.
a) Equity of access for all
b) Nondiscrimination in access for care
c) National delivery systems of care
d) Private, nonprofit funding

2. An aboriginal patient who resides in British Columbia develops abdominal pain while vacationing in Ottawa. She is hospitalized for 5 days. Which of the following principles applies when seeking healthcare in a nonresident territory? Choose all that apply.
a) Portability
b) Accessibility
c) Universality
d) Accountability

3. Which of the following factors affect(s) the delivery of healthcare in Canada? Choose all that apply.
a) Aging population
b) Sparse population over large area
c) Abundance of nurses
d) Oversupply of physician specialists

4. Identify the statements that best portray the Canadian nursing workforce. Choose all that apply.
a) Almost 10% of Canadian RNs are male.
b) The Northwest Territory has the highest number of RNs per population.
c) The majority of Canadian RNs work in hospitals.
d) Many provinces require a baccalaureate for entry into practice.

5. Which of the following issues will affect reform of the Canadian healthcare system? Choose all that apply.
a) Increased interest in self-care
b) Less emphasis on individual accountability for health
c) Growing interest in complementary and alternative care
d) Decreased use of preventative therapies

6. Indicate which of the following factors influence the need for greater educational requirements and specializations for registered nurses in Canada. Choose all that apply.
a) Changing technology
b) Client acuity
c) Clearly defined scope of practice
d) Increased responsibility and accountability