QUESTION 1

(a) Define the following terms and provide examples to support your answer

i) Mass Tourism

ii) Alternative Tourism

(b) Though Alternative tourism is seen by many people as the solutions for mass tourism, it has faced criticisms. As Griffin and Boele (1997) argue, although there are many tourist destinations being destroyed by mass tourism, a great number of others have not lost their appeal despite their long existence as tourist sites and the numbers who have visited.

In relation to the above thoughts discuss the most common negative impacts that tourism has on a local community.

(c). In relation to the evolution of tourism from mass tourism to alternative forms of tourism discuss the relevance of eco-tourism and sustainable tourism.

QUESTION 2

Using a relevant area as example, describe and explain the various stages that a destination may go through as outlined by the Tourist Area Life Cycle (TALC) proposed by Butler (1980). Support with an appropriate diagram

QUESTION 3

(a) Heritage Tourism is often claimed to be a sustainable form of tourism. Define heritage tourism and explain how it is different from conventional tourism

Discuss the foundations of heritage tourism

(b) The success behind heritage tourism fundamentally lies in local people knowing and learning about their history. Comment upon this statement

QUESTION 4

It is claimed that mass tourism has failed to promote sustainability, there is a need for more sustainable forms of tourism

(a) Critically discuss how mass tourism has failed in promoting the concept of sustainability

(b) Define the concept of carrying capacity in the context of tourism and discuss the different carrying capacities

QUESTION 5

(a) Identify and explain the role and relevance of a Tour Operator within the tourism industry

(b) Differentiate between a „tourism product? and a tourism package

(c) The tour operator is a manufacturer of the tourism product unlike the travel agent who is the retailer of the tourism products. Discuss this statement with special reference to the functions and roles of tour operators