I - SEXUAL TRAUMA ASSIGNMENT

Assignment 1: This assignment consists of five (5) main questions.

Question One:

Read the case study below and answer the questions that follow.

Case study

Shipo was charged with sexually abusing his younger sister Tebogo. His probation officer enforced the court order that he attend counselling. Shipo, who was 15, told his counsellor that his classmates were bigger and more sexually "successful" than he was, and that one of them had dared him to have sex with a girl. He said that he was afraid to even talk to a girl, let alone ask her for a date. He admitted that he made his younger sister Tebogo have sexual intercourse with him one evening when he was babysitting her.

Shipo's mother told the counsellor that Shipo's father had forced sex on her in front of the children on a number of occasions. She disclosed that he had often beaten her when his meals were not ready on time. Theirs was not a happy family where the children were allowed to talk to their parents about life. Shipo's father was very strict and did not allow the children to socialize much after school (adapted from Sibling sexual abuse: a parent's guide (2003), developed by Family Services of Greater Vancouver).

1.1. Identify four possible issues that could have been involved in Shipo's becoming a sibling sexual offender.

1.2. Identify four possible advantages for Shipo and his family of reporting the matter to the authorities.

1.3. By reporting the matter to the authorities, whose needs did Shipo's mother protect? Motivate your answer.

1.4. Try to identify what her feelings must have been when she discovered what had happened and when she reported the matter.

Question Two:

Read the case vignettes, below, and answer the questions that follow. You must integrate theory to support your answer.

Example one: Kevan is a nine-year-old boy. He tends to be aggressive and few children like to play with him because he is such a bully. Joy, the neighbour, hears screams and looks over the fence to find that he has upset his four-year-old sister by tying her up naked and rubbing his penis over her tummy. Joy is shocked.

2.1. How would you interpret this behaviour?

2.2. What would you recommend Joy do about this situation?

Example two: Susan is busy reading her three-year-old a bedtime story. As she reads she notices him playing with his penis. He seems engrossed in the story and obviously enjoying the sensation of playing with his penis at the same time.

2.3. How would you interpret this behaviour?

2.4. What would you recommend that Susan do to deal with this situation?

Example three: Thandi came across her five-year-old daughter playing with the neighbour's son of the same age. Thandi was shocked to find both children naked with the little boy's fingers on her daughter's vulva. Her daughter seemed to be happily involved in this game.

2.5. How would you interpret this behaviour?

2.6. What would you recommend that Thandi do to deal with this situation?

Question Three:

3.1. Name 2 characteristics of incestuous families and give an example of each characteristic.

3.2. List 4 possible indicators that a child may have been sexually abused.

3.3. Discuss 4 self-destructive behaviours that a child may take part in as a sign that they may be abused.

3.4. Discuss the differences between natural sexual exploration between siblings and sibling incest.

3.5. There are certain things that a helper should do when dealing with a sexually abused child. Discuss 4 of these aspects.

3.6. Describe and motivate 2 emotions a child might experience if they have to testify in a criminal court against their sexual abuse perpetrator.

3.7. Mention four ways in which you think a child's experience, when testifying in a criminal court, can be improved?

3.8. Discuss your understanding of the function of an intermediary in criminal court.

Question Four:

Read the following extracts from case histories and interviews and link each example with the stage of the healing process that you believe the survivor of sexual abuse may be in. You must fully identify the stage of the healing process that the survivor is in and explain why you have identified the relevant stage. In order to support your choice and obtain full marks you MUST integrate relevant theory of the identified stage from your tutorial letter 102 with each case history/interview. You must reference your answers in order to obtain full marks. Each case history is worth three (3) marks.

4.1. An extract from an interview with a survivor of extra familial sexual abuse

"I felt like it was my fault ... 'cause I had disobeyed my parents ... I blame myself for lying to my parents. I was in a place I shouldn't have been ... I had lied to my parents and it just felt like I had brought this on myself ... I felt like it was my fault" (Roth & Lebowitz 1988:93).

4.1.1. Identify the relevant stage of the healing process.

4.1.2. Explain using theory why you have chosen the above stage.

4.2. An extract from an interview with a survivor of sibling abuse

"I'm real mad about the incest ... I don't always feel it but when it comes up it's so intense that, at certain times in my therapy in the past year, I've really fantasised intensely about murdering my brother ... I'll get so mad that what I'll do is I'll go to the gym and just work and just beat myself up basically, and I'll fantasise as I'm doing leg kicks or whatever that I'm bashing my brother's head in. I'd really like to kill him ... Somehow [when I see him] I pity him, you know. I feel sorry for him. And I think a lot of my anger is at my mother, which is much harder to have and it's much less tolerable. It's easier to imagine bashing my brother's head in than my mother's" (Roth & Lebowitz 1987:91).

4.2.1. Identify the relevant stage of the healing process.

4.2.2. Explain using theory why you have chosen the above stage.

4.3. Case Study: Thandie's experience

"Initially I felt a sense of success, completion, incredible relief! Then, I began to feel very sad, deep grief. It was extremely painful and I had no words for what I was feeling. I found myself crying and crying and not knowing exactly why. This hardly happens to me. I am usually able to have some kind of verbal description to explain my feelings. This was just raw feeling. Loss, grief, mourning, as if they had died. I felt no hope, no expectations from them ... I knew there was nothing unspoken on my part. I didn't feel 'Oh, if only I had said this or that.' I had said everything I wanted to say in the way I wanted to say it. I felt very complete about it and was very grateful for the lengthy planning, rehearsals, strategising, etc.

Since then I have felt free ... I feel HOPE! I feel like I have a future! I feel grounded, not like I'm manic or high. When I'm sad, I'm sad; when I'm angry, I'm angry. I feel realistic about the bad times and the difficulties I will face, but I know I have myself. It is very different. And it's nothing I ever could imagine, not at all. I always wanted this freedom and was always fighting to get it. Now it's no longer a battle - there's no one to fight - it's simply mine" (Herman 2001:201).

4.3.1. Identify the relevant stage of the healing process.

4.3.2. Explain using theory why you have chosen the above stage.

4.4. Case study: A poem written by Caroline Malone, a survivor of sexual abuse

"Screaming trapped through the years

Reverberating through the structure of everyday things

Distending and tearing the fabric of domestic tranquillity

Damming the flowing energy

Creating stagnate pools and uncontrollable floods. Choking in my throat. Tension singing in my tendons,

Freed only through the present release of the old pain -

But would the scream stop, once released?

(Caroline Malone in Malone, Farthing & Marce's anthology, Memory bird, 1996:2)

4.4.1. Identify the relevant stage of the healing process.

4.4.2. Explain using theory why you have chosen the above stage.

4.5. An extract of an interview with an adult survivor of sexual abuse

"I missed out on the family I needed when I was growing up, and some big part of that is gone and I'll never have that. It makes me very depressed [sob] when I have missed something" (Roth & Lebowitz 1988:93).

4.5.1. Identify the relevant stage of the healing process.

4.5.2. Explain using theory why you have chosen the above stage.

4.6. An extract from an interview with a survivor of rape

"I was afraid to go anywhere on my own ... I felt too defenceless and too afraid, and so I just stopped doing anything ... I would just stay home and I was just frightened" (Herman 2001:46).

4.6.1. Identify the relevant stage of the healing process.

4.6.2. Explain using theory why you have chosen the above stage.

 4.7. A quotation from an interview with an angry adult survivor of sexual abuse

"I decided, 'Okay, I've everyone who looks at me wrong. I don't like to feel like that anymore.' Then I thought, 'How would I like to feel?' I wanted to feel safe in the world. I wanted to feel powerful. And so I focused on what was working in my life, in the ways I was taking power in real-life situations" (Herman 2001:197).

4.7.1. Identify the relevant stage of the healing process.

4.7.2. Explain using theory why you have chosen the above stage.

Question Five:

Consult your telephone directory, the Internet or go to the relevant organisations personally and answer the following questions about two organisations that work with sexual abuse victims.

5.1. First organisation

5.1.1. Provide the address and telephone number of the organisation.

5.1.2. What services does this organisation provide in terms of sexual trauma?

5.1.3. How does this organisation market their services, specifically related to sexual trauma?

5.1.4. How do you think they can improve their marketing strategies, specifically related to sexual trauma? Give two examples.

5.2. Second organisation

5.2.1. Provide the address and telephone number of the organisation.

5.2.2. What services does this organisation provide in terms of sexual trauma?

5.2.3. How does this organisation market their services, specifically related to sexual trauma?

5.2.4. How do you think they can improve their marketing strategies, specifically related to sexual trauma? Give two examples.

Assignment 2: Multiple-choice questions

PART ONE: TRUE/FALSE

1. A flashback is an action replay of a traumatic event that is triggered by sensory stimuli

1. True

2. False

2. Protection includes a range of activities that are undertaken in order to guard against those things that might cause harm

1. True

2. False

3. The systems theory can view victims as participants in their abuse rather than acknowledging coercion into participation

1. True

2. False

II - MARRIAGE GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING ASSIGNMENT

Assignment: Essay-type questions

The assignment topic: The continuum of professional couple counselling care

Discuss the following: couples counselling interventions: premarital counselling, marriage enrichment, couples counselling, divorce counselling and divorce mediation.

Your discussion should reflect your understanding of each intervention by providing a theoretically based definition of the counselling intervention, an explanation of its purpose, a description of the helper's role during that intervention, an explanation of the four core conditions of helping as relevant to that intervention, the degree of structure that you expect the helper to provide during the counselling process (flexible vs structured) and mention of the typical formats that helpers prefer to use during that intervention (does it rely on individual, couple, group sessions, or a combination of these?).

After your discussion of each intervention, write up a case study (hypothetical example of a couple that needs that kind of counselling) to demonstrate your understanding of the reasons why your hypothetical couple will benefit from that type of intervention and provide a brief outline of what you think needs to be covered during that counselling process.Complete your essay by writing a good conclusion that mentions the relevance of couple counselling within the South African context.

Finally, present a table of service providers that are closest to the community where you live who offer these five interventions. Insert or attach service providers' brochures, if they are available.

The purpose of this assessment is to

• test your understanding of the continuum of care offered by couple counselling practitioners
• establish whether you can appropriately apply the relevant interventions to simulated counselling situations
• assess your understanding of the purpose, helper's role, the degree of structure, relevant core relational conditions, format of each of the interventions
• for you to develop a resource list of locally specific service providers of the different kinds of interventions in your community

The assignment headings and subheadings that you are expected to use 1 introduction

1. Introduction

2. Premarital counselling

2.1 Definition

2.2 Purpose of premarital counselling

2.3 Helper's role during premarital counselling

2.4 Core relational conditions during premarital counselling

2.5 Degree of structure of the process during premarital counselling

2.6 Different formats used for premarital counselling

2.7 Hypothetical case study illustrating a couple's need for premarital counselling (Approximately 3 to 4 pages)

3. Marriage enrichment counselling

3.1 Definition

3.2 Purpose of marriage enrichment counselling

3.3 Helper's role during marriage enrichment counselling

3.4 Core relational conditions during marriage enrichment counselling

3.5 Degree of structure of the process during marriage enrichment counselling 3.6 Different formats used for marriage enrichment counselling

3.7 Hypothetical case study illustrating a couple's need for marriage enrichment counselling (Approximately 3 to 4 pages)

4. Couples counselling

4.1 Definition

42 Purpose of couples counselling

4.3 Helper's role during couples counselling

4.4 Core relational conditions during couples counselling

4.5 Degree of structure of the process during couples counselling

4.6 Different formats used for couples counselling

4.7 Hypothetical case study illustrating a couple's need for couples counselling (Approximately 3 to 4 pages)

5. Divorce counselling

5.1 Definition

5.2 Purpose of divorce counselling

5.3 Helper's role during divorce counselling

5.4 Core relational conditions during divorce counselling

5.5 Degree of structure of the process during divorce counselling

5.6 Different formats used for divorce counselling

5.7 Hypothetical case study illustrating a couple's need for divorce counselling (Approximately 3 to 4 pages)

6. Divorce mediation

6.1 Definition

6.2 Purpose of divorce mediation

6.3 Helper's role during divorce mediation

6.4 Core relational conditions during divorce mediation

6.5 Degree of structure of the process during divorce mediation

6.6 Different formats used for divorce mediation

6.7 Hypothetical case study illustrating a couple's need for divorce mediation (Approximately 3 to 4 pages)

7. Conclusion (pay specific attention to the usefulness of couple counselling interventions within the South African context)(Approximately 1/2 to 1 page)

8. Bibliography.

Attachment:- GUIDELINES AND NOTES.rar