a) What did the court decide in Branzburg v. Hayes regarding a journalist's right to withhold confidential sources?
b) How have lower courts interpreted the Branzburg v. Hayes decision based on whether the cases involved civil, criminal, or grand jury proceedings?
Confidentiality
c) Summarize the approach journalists should take pertaining to promising confidentiality to sources.
d) What advice should journalists give to sources who demand confidentiality?
Shield laws
e) What protections do shield laws provide, if any, in addition to federal constitutional protections supporting nondisclosure of news sources?