How do functional silos prevent process integration?

Which should come first - internal integration or external integration? Why?

Why is an ERP system important for both internal and external process integration? What other IT considerations are there?

Define the bullwhip effect and describe how it impacts supply chain integration, or how integration impacts the bullwhip effect.

What is the difference between supply chain risk management and supply chain security management? Which do you think is most important?

List some steps firms can take to reduce supply chain risk and increase security.