Halloween has just passed and you have a bottle filled with candy. As you can see, there are three colors of candy in your bottle: red, yellow, and green. The bottle has no cap, and when you turn it over and give the bottle a good shake, ten pieces of candy fall out before the flow stops. Just by chance, the ones that fall out are mostly red, but there are a couple green ones and a yellow one, too. It's not really a representative sample of what's in the bottle, but that's just how things shake out, so to speak.

Your overall population of candy just went through a bottleneck. Now, if those candies could breed, you would rightly expect that the abundance of candy would skew the color array of candy in the growing population for a good long time. That's the bottleneck effect. Select from the example of options below further best describes the bottleneck effect and EXPLAIN.

a. A population of animals that increases quickly after a period of time when it decreases.

b. The bottleneck effect is a sharp reduction of a population's pool because of an environmental, or human-caused, change.

c. The difference between a soda bottle and a beer bottle.

d. A population of animals that increases quickly after a period of time when it decreases.