Give your Thesis statement (the argument you are supporting) in the Introduction

• Be consistent

• Support your arg with egs, quotes and references

• Consider the Other Side (Counter Argument) carefully - do not dismiss it out of hand

Essay Topic: Animals and Vivisection Thesis Statement affirming the proposition. This essay will contend that the normative claim "it is wrong to cause unnecessary suffering" ought to be extended to the practice of vivisection. There is no valid justification for vivisection given the suffering that it causes. Thesis Statement rejecting the proposition This essay will contend that the normative claim "it is wrong to cause unnecessary suffering" ought not to be extended to the practice of vivisection. Vivisection is valid because the suffering that it causes is outweighed by the benefits to human research. Issues of relevance to this topic: Moral obligations towards animals Speciesism Vivisection Duty Care References.

Use all and only the following four references below, no other references:

Gruen, Lori, "The Moral Status of Animals", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2014 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2014/entries/moral-animal/

Linzey, Andrew, "The Ethics of Testing" Excerpt from The Global Guide to Animal Protection (University of Illinois Press, 2013). URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/j.ctt2tt9r9.122

Rollin, Bernard E. "Animal Pain: What It is and Why It Matters" The Journal of Ethics, Vol. 15, No. 4 (December 2011), pp. 425-437 URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41486940

Singer, Peter, "Animal Liberation YES!" Excerpt from Animal Liberation: A New Ethics for Our Treatment of Animals (A New York Review Book, 1975). URL: https://learnit.nd.edu.au/bbcswebdav/xid-82306_

Do not use N note to make for reference, manually do the references and use only the links provided and no other and reference only those ones.