First essay: You do not have to answer both.

A. Explain how a specific phobia could be acquired through classical conditioning. Be sure to identify the unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response in your example. Also, using classical conditioning, indicate how the phobia could be eliminated.

B. Define and then provide specific, every day examples (for instance, from child-rearing or from training a pet) of the following operant-conditioning phenomena: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and punishment.

Second essay: From the chapter on Memory:

Imagine that you were involved in a legal case in which an eyewitness claimed that he had seen a person commit a crime. Based on your knowledge about memory and cognition from your textbook, discuss some of the problems of eye-witness accounts.