Figure 1 is a schematic of a simulation study. The iterative nature of the process is indicated by the system under study becoming the altered system which then becomes the system under study and the cycle repeats. In a simulation study, human decision making is required at all stages, namely, model development, experiment design, output analysis, conclusion formulation, and making decisions to alter the system under study. The only stage where human intervention is not required is the running of the simulations, which most simulation software packages perform efficiently. The important point is that powerful simulation software is merely a hygiene factor - its absence can hurt a simulation study but its presence will not ensure success. Experienced problem formulators and simulation modelers and analysts are indispensable for a successful simulation study.

Figure 1: Simulation Study Schematic

The steps involved in developing a simulation model, designing a simulation experiment, and performing simulation analysis are:

Step 1. Identify the problem.

Step 2. Formulate the problem.

Step 3. Collect and process real system data.

Step 4. Formulate and develop a model.

Step 5. Validate the model.

Step 6. Document model for future use.

Step 7. Select appropriate experimental design.

Step 8. Establish experimental conditions for runs.

Step 9. Perform simulation runs.

Step 10. Interpret and present results.

Step 11. Recommend further course of action