problem 1:

a) Describe in detail the differences between vertical and horizontal integration in the tourism industry.

b) describe the reasons why smaller tour operators will survive instead of their larger competitors. Give four illustrations to support this statement.

problem 2: Apart from travel agents who sell their products, tour operators depend on a network of other support services. List and describe five services from the public sector and five from the private sector.

problem 3:

a) List and describe the seven phases, in chronological order, comprised in the planning of a tour program.

b) describe each of the given tour operating marketing functions:

• Marketing mix.
• AIDA model.

problem 4: describe the industry bodies which have developed to represent the industry and to protect consumers.

problem 5: Describe travel patterns and trends for each of the given, describing clearly the reasons for their popularity or decline:

a) Your country as a tourism destination.
b) Cruising.
c) The grey market.
d) European mini breaks.
e) Family market.

problem 6: Illustrate the three elements of the tourism economic demand model and describe how the effects of this model can impact both a tourist destination and the tour operator’s long-term sales projections.

problem 7:

a) General administration staff or reservation staff has responsibility for compiling the documentation for each holiday. List and describe ten document items.

b) Holiday reservation systems booked through a travel agent need eight pieces of information to secure the client’s holiday before further processing. List and describe this necessary data.

problem 8:

a) describe the flow and interaction of the chain of distribution within the travel business.

b) The traditional package holiday is made up of three elements, which are bulk purchased by the tour operator. describe each of such elements.