Answer the following problems.

problem 1) describe in detail the techniques involved in the preservation of wall paintings.

problem 2) Elaborate the different types methods used in preservation and consolidation of clay elements.

problem 3) describe any two techniques used for cleaning and preservation of stone.

problem 4) What are solvents? Classify their types and state the properties and uses.

problem 5) describe any one new material used in structural conservation practice.

problem 6) describe the preservation techniques used for treatment of ferrous metals.

problem 7) prepare brief note on the following:

i) Sources of damp in masonry structures.

ii) Structural failure of roofing systems.

problem 8) Define NDT. describe any three techniques in detail.

problem 9) describe the process of defect mapping used for historic structures.

problem 10) Distinguish between Eastern and Western domes.

problem 11) describe the interventions for strengthening of load bearing wall.