Explain Measurement methods and metrics

Here are the three questions:

A ____ is a specific, measurable standard against which actual performance is compared. They are used to describe costs, benefits, or the ratio between them.

Metrics that deal directly with performance (e.g., sales, profits) are frequently measured by _____, which are the quantitative expression of critically important metrics (known as critical success factors).

In an ____ analysis, analysts convert future values of benefits to their present-value equivalents by discounting them at the organization's cost of funds.