Jack Chu and Sam Clemens are neighbors who work as purchasing managers in different companies in the petrochemical industry. During one neighborly discussion, Jack learned that Sam's salary was nearly 15 per cent higher than his, even though their job duties were similar. Other than this difference, both received similar benefits and seemed to enjoy their jobs and colleagues.

Jack was obviously upset to learn about Sam's higher salary, although he hid his emotions from Sam. (After all, it wasn't Sam's fault that they received different salary levels.) Jack was frustrated not only because Sam received a significantly higher salary, but also because Jack was certain that he worked longer hours and was more productive than Sam.

Using the equity theory research

a) explain Jack's frustration.

b) suggest recommendations of possible ways to reduce Jack's upset feelings, thus improve his situation.