Essays Questions:
1. There are several consequences of relativism that we find unacceptable: lack of justification for criticism of other cultures, lack of justification for civil disobedience or moral law, and absence of justification for moral reformation. Explain why, as a result of accepting relativism, we are no longer able to offer justification for any of these practices. What do you think about these consequences- that is, are they severe enough that we should dismiss relativism as an untenable theory?
2. Explain the differences between subjectivism, ethical relativism, and emotivism by way of an example. That is, think of an example of a moral evaluation of an action, and provide an analysis of how each theory would explain the function, or meaning, of the moral evaluation. Then, choose a single theory, and explain one objection to that theory in your own words.
3. Give a detailed account of the differences between the varieties of objectivism we studied: divine command theory, natural law theory, and moderate objectivism. Specifically, explain how each theory would treat the moral principle: do not murder. What is the status of the moral principle, and how is it justified? Which of the three objectivist theories do you find most compelling, and why?
4. Natural law theory has several complexities that we discussed in class: teleological view of nature and man, the emphasis on rationality, and necessitation of free will. Explain in detail these elements of natural law theory, and how they come together to provide us with an objective morality. Provide an example of a moral standard that would be accepted by this theory, and how it would be justified.
The Essay answer must be only 1 page no more and no citation needed.
Example of how to apply the answers. Ex. Essay 4:
Introduction.(what natural theory are) what and how you explained to me.
Description of natural law theory.
(Booth Introduction & Description. Are in one paragraph)
1- A; rational
B; man's place in rational universe.
2- Man having reason.
3- Man having free will.
Where objective principles come from?
Example principle: explain where objectivity comes from.