Essay/Activities
Short Essay Question #1 : Based on the studies presented in Chapter 11, what network characteristics influenced the adoption and diffusion of contraceptive use in developing countries? How might this knowledge be used to design an intervention promoting access to contraception among newly arrived immigrants in the United States?
Short Essay Question #2 : Describe the influence of technology in social support provision. How have technology advancements in the last decade changed the delivery of social support? Provide one concrete example of how technology may be beneficial and harmful.
Short Essay Question #3 : Discuss the importance of relationship-centered healthcare. How does it differ from the traditional biomedical model of medicine? What are the key expectations of relationship-centered care? What are the challenges to implementation?
Activity : Take a picture of a construct from Social Cognitive Theory "in action" out in the community.(You are allowed to take pictures in public settings, but if not in a public setting, please ask for permission to take a picture).
Article critique :Select either the Fjeldsoe, Miller, & Marshall, 2010, or Turner-McGrivery et al., 2009, orNolan et al., 2008 article from the Weeks 5 & 6 readings and review/critique the article by answering the following questions:
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1. Introduction Section
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- List the purpose of the study
- How is theory used in the study? (Name the theory and the theoretical constructs used; indicate which, if any, of the key constructs were not mentioned)
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2. Methods Section
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- What is the study's population?
- If applicable, how were the data collected (e.g., survey, lab values, focus groups, literature review)?
- How were the theoretical constructs measured? (List each construct and how it was measured (e.g., name of survey used)
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3. Discussion/Implications/
Results/Limitations Sections
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- What do you think were the most interesting findings?
- What do you think are strengths and/or weaknesses of the study?
- What additional questions does this study raise for you?
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Multiple Choice/True-False
1. Which of the following does NOT influence the formation of self-efficacy?
a. Emotional arousal
b. Vicarious experience
c. Social persuasion
d. Stimulus-response
e. Previous mastery experience
2. Providing someone with walking shoes so that they may engage in regular physical activity is an example of _________________ support:
a. Emotional
b. Esteem
c. Instrumental
d. Informational
e. None of the above
3. The CATCH study:
a. Successfully modified short-term student behaviors related to food and physical activity, but found no effect in the three-year follow-up
b. Modified health behaviors in high-income students, but had no effect among low-income students
c. Successfully modified both short and long-term student behaviors related to food and physical activity
d. Did not include changes to the social environment
e. B and D
4. The concept of friends of friends becoming friends refers to:
a. Transitivity
b. Centralization
c. Density
d. Homophily
e. Reciprocity
5. A person who previously did not engage in physical activity starts exercising after starting a new job in which her new colleagues regularly engage in and talk about exercise. This is an example of:
a. Selection
b. Influence
c. Social support
d. Density
e. None of the above
6. Which phrase best describes individuals with bridging positions?
a. They are especially sensitive to community norms and values
b. They may feel isolated as a result of their peripheral location
c. They are free from social norms of the community
d. They connect otherwise disconnected groups of people
e. They may feel more constrained by their immediate personal network
7. Based on your reading about Social Network Theory, what intervention was effective in reducing tobacco use among adolescents in the United Kingdom?
a. Using popular peer opinion leaders to promote anti-smoking norms
b. Supporting conversations about tobacco use between parents and adolescents
c. Promoting homophily by encouraging non-smokers not to interact with smokers
d. Creating opportunities for adolescents to disclose tobacco use
e. Punishing adolescents for tobacco use and rewarding them for cessation
8. Social support may influence:
a. Health behaviors
b. Development of chronic conditions
c. Adherence to medical regimens
d. A and C
e. All of the above
9. The stress-buffering pathway posits:
a. Social support diminishes the negative health effects of stress
b. Social connections may increase stress and subsequently lead to negative health behaviors
c. Social support directly influences both physical and mental health
d. Stress impacts health exclusively through psychological pathways
e. People with high levels are social support are less likely to experience stressful events compared to people with low social support
10. Adults who experienced multiple chronic stressors during childhood are more likely to experience poor health and engage in detrimental health behaviors as adults compared to adults who did not experience chronic stressors during childhood. What term describes this example?
a. The life course perspective
b. Primary appraisal
c. Benefit finding
d. Information seeking
e. Social support
11. According to the John Henryism hypothesis:
a. Highly active coping coupled with severe constraints can worsen health
b. Highly active coping coupled with severe constraints can improve health
c. Disengaging coping styles are beneficial when exposed to a stressful event
d. Acute stressors coupled with severe constraints are more harmful than chronic stressors
e. There is no relationship between coping style and environmental constraints
12. Historical studies on stress and coping revealed all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Chronic stressors can be more detrimental to health than acute stressors
b. Adverse experiences during childhood are associated with poor health outcomes and behaviors during adulthood
c. It is possible to quantify stressors and life events using standardized scales
d. Individuals may appraise identical stressful events differently
e. Longitudinal studies are not adequate for researching the relationship between stress, coping, and health
13. Validating and responding to a patient's emotions is an example of:
a. A task-driven function
b. Self-efficacy
c. Biomedical model of health
d. A relational function
e. Self-management
14. Information exchange between patient and providers is influenced by:
a. Provider and patient literacy
b. Family members, friends, and other relationships
c. Individual beliefs about illness
d. Active patient participation with provider
e. All of the above
15. What factor is found to improve treatment adherence?
a. Patient perception that their doctors know them as individuals
b. Medical school and residency of providers
c. Provider's demonstration of warmth, openness, and interest
d. A and C
e. None of the above
16. When an alcoholic maintains a social network of other alcoholics, it is an example of selection.
a. True
b. False
17. Collective self-efficacy refers to a person's expectation of the consequences of taking action.
a. True
b. False
18. Reciprocal determinism refers to the interaction of the social environment, personal cognitive factors, and behaviors.
a. True
b. False
19. Research has consistently concluded that all social relationships are health promoting.
a. True
b. False
20. Perceived and received support are highly correlated.
a. True
b. False
21. Research has found no psychological benefits related to spirituality.
a. True
b. False
22. Prolonged exposure to cortisol has been found to strengthen the immune system and improve bone density.
a. True
b. False
23. Technology, including the use of computers in the exam room, has been shown to be overwhelmingly harmful to patient-provider communication.
a. True
b. False
24. Relationship-centered healthcare has completely replaced the biomedical model of healthcare in clinical settings.
a. True
b. False
25. There is no evidence that relationship-centered healthcare is beneficial to patient satisfaction or health outcomes.
a. True
b. False