Energy is the backbone of the industry. It is very important in running factories and providing comfort such as heat and light. To generate energy we use fossil fuels but these cause pollution, creating health problems. (OLADIRAN, 1994) For several years, imported petroleum was the main source for conventional energy applications so that was a severe burden imposed on the balance of payments. Because of the oil crisis in 1973 and 1979 Botswana was compelled to embark on energy diversification programmes. Research and developments of wave energy such as wind, solar and water. This report will explain the how Botswana can harness these wave energy forms for the benefit of its rural areas.

BODY

Wind energy

The first way in which Botswana can harness wave energy is by manufacturing wind turbines in rural with more blades with the help of a science and research school such as BIUST that can also help in designing the wind turbines. (OLADIRAN, 1994) According to the author, although wind speeds in Botswana are generally low though the aero generators they can be operated for various domestic applications such as pumping of water from boreholes, milling of grains and even for lighting purposes. (Nicolas, 2017)According to the author. The constant repair and upgrade of the wind system done by BIUST graduates will also create employment. Therefore, the jobs would stimulate the rural economies. Businesses, directly and indirectly, also benefit. A couple of obvious ways are through wind turbines industries contracting with rural businesses and residents having money to spend at local shops and restaurants.

Solar energy

(Fong, 2014) According to Fong, the sun emits enormous amount of energy that is sometimes hard for us to comprehend. In theory, the sun can easily provide a more than sufficient amount of energy to meet the worldwide energy demand, providing that we have the appropriate solar energy-capturing devices. In reality, though, solar power alone is not the answer to the world’s energy challenge due to the technological limitations of solar power technology. That being said, it has been proven to be one of the best solutions for rural areas electrification. A solar cell is a semiconductor, solid-state electronic device that converts radiant energy directly into electrical energy by employing the photovoltaic effect. A solar panel’s power output depends on the load resistance, irradiance and temperature. Several techniques can be employed to create a reliable energy output by attempting to control these three parameters. Solar tracking devices can also be used to physically angle of solar penal toward the sun so the maximum amount of irradiance flux shines on the panel. However, solar tracking power to operate. Since mechanical parts are involved, the equipment requires constant maintenance. For a small solar energy system, it is often time and energy inefficient to implement a tracking system. However, for a solar array system in larger scale, or if space is a constraint, a tracking device may be very beneficial.

Water energy

Another way of harnessing wave energy is using this source water, (Fong, 2014) By taking advantage of the downward water flow from higher to lower elevations, it is possible to generate mechanical force to propel a turbine and create electricity through electromagnetic induction, similarly to a wind turbine. The only difference is that a wind power system takes advantage of the movement of air, whereas a hydropower system takes advantage of the movement of water. Generating power from rivers is a less expensive investment that serves as an appealing alternative to solar and wind energy. By intercepting the water flow with hydropower generator, one may convert kinetic energy into mechanical energy by spinning a turbine and, eventually, into electrical energy by electromagnetic induction. Only the turbine is submerged and the main generator is outside of the water, reducing both initial installation and operational costs. Moderate amounts of power can be generated when river current is strong. The disadvantage is that rivers with strong currents have to be close by in order to use the hydropower generating method. Most villages in Botswana have seasonal rivers instead of using rivers we will use dams. Such as Dikgatlhong dam found in Shashe.

CONCLUSION

Write a conclusion,recommendations and abstract of the above report.