Q. "Boralis manufacture backpacks for serious hikers. The demand for its product occurs during March to June of each yr. Boralis estimates the demand for the four months to be 100, 200, 180, also 300 units, respectively. The organization uses part-time labour to manufacture the backpacks also, accordingly, its production capacity varies monthly. It is estimated which Boralis can produce 50, 150, 280 also 270 units in March through June. A present month's demand may be satised in one of three ways:

1. Present month's production.

2. Surplus production in an earlier month.

3. Surplus production in a later month (backordering). In the ¯rst case, the production price per backpack is $40. The second case incurs an additional holding price of $.50 per back-pack per month. In the third case, an additional penalty price of $2.00 per backpack is incurred for each month delay. Boralis wishes to describe the optimal production schedule for the four months"

Q. Elucidate why cooperative approaches may stand up to legal review more easily in unionized plants than in non-unionized environments?"