Electric City, a discount retailer with over 500 employees, includes a clause in its employment application stating that all future employment disputes will be resolved through binding arbitration. This clause most likely:

a) will be considered valid by federal courts.

b) will be unenforceable in federal courts.

c) will result in employees having to mediate their employment-related claims against Electric City.

d) will require an employee to mediate employment-related disputes.