1. Dr. Sanchez approaches questions about human behavior from a perspective that emphasizes unconscious thoughts and conflicts within the individual, such as inner forces or conflicts. It is most likely that he accepts which of the following psychological approaches? 
Sociocultural
Learning
Cognitive
Psychodynamic

2. Researchers are studying the effects of nicotine on driving. The participants are divided into two groups. One group is provided with nicotine cigarettes and the other with fake cigarettes that taste and smell like real cigarettes but do not contain nicotine. The fake cigarettes are an example of a(n) 

Dependent variable
Placebo
Random assignment
Experimental group

3. Maureen is a psychology major who is conducting a study on memory. The participants in her experiment study a long list of words and then recall the list by verbalizing the words to Maureen. Maureen knows which words are correct, and whenever a participant states an incorrect word, Maureen inadvertently shifts her eyes and makes a note on her notepad. As a result, the participants change their recall behavior and tend to recall fewer words thereafter. This scenario illustrates a(n) ________.
Placebo effect
Experimenter effect
Correlation coefficient
Double-blind study

4. . A(n) ________ psychologist studies how an individual's past behaviors, and the consequences of those behaviors, affect current behavior. 
Cognitive
Biological
Sociocultural
Learning

5. Which of the following is both a theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy originally formulated by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts? 
Functionalism
Psychoanalysis
Phrenology
Introspection

6. A precise explanation of a term in a hypothesis, which specifies the operations for observing and measuring a process, is called a/an: 
Theory
Operational definition
Variable
Norm

7. An early approach to scientific psychology, called ________, emphasized the purpose of behavior and consciousness. 
Introspection
Psychoanalysis
Functionalism
Structuralism

8. Which of the following is a potential shortcoming of laboratory observation? 
The presence of researchers and special equipment may cause subjects to act differently than they would in their natural surroundings.
Results are inaccurate because many people have a distorted view of their own abilities and traits.
Scientists do not take such research very seriously.
Subjects do not all get the same degree of detail in their instructions on how to behave.

9. A ________ has a medical degree (M.D.), with a specialty in psychiatry, and does work similar to that of a clinical psychologist but is likely to take a more biological approach. 
Clinical psychologist
Psychotherapist
Psychoanalyst
Psychiatrist

10. Which of the following cannot be hand picked by a researcher? 
random assignment
independent variables
the research method used
all of the above