Discussions

1. There is growing evidence that a person's race, ethnicity, gender, income, disability, sexual orientation, and geographic location determine the likelihood of many chronic diseases. Many public health promotion community programs are trying to reduce chronic diseases by focusing on the common risk factors of tobacco use, physical inactivity, and poor nutrition. Outline some of the commonly used disease prevention strategies that focus on high-risk health behaviors.

2. Why is access to the comprehensive, quality healthcare services important? What does this access specifically impact, in terms of people's health outcomes? What role does an effective health promotion program play in access to health care?

3. Note that the ecological framework or ecological model is based on evidence that no single factor can explain why some people or groups are at higher risk of interpersonal violence while others are more protected from it. This framework views interpersonal violence as the outcome of interaction among many factors at four levels-the individual, the relationship, the community, and the societal. Please outline a couple of risk factors applicable to each of those four levels. Also, please address the following question: Why is it important to develop health promotion programs in the context of the ecological model?

4. Provide a quick overview of a Trans theoretical Model that specifically outlines its key characteristics. There are known research studies conducted and some strong evidence of successful implementation of the principles of this model in the area of smoking cessation. Please outline and briefly talk about two of the required interventions applicable to each of the five stages of change of this model: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance.