Discussion Questions: All assignments MUST be typed and double-spaced, in APA style and must be written at graduate level English. The content, conciseness and clarity of your answers will be considered in the evaluation of your work. You must use and integrate the material presented in the course text and cite your work according to APA format. Use of outside resources can be used to enhance the text information, but cannot replace the text.

Respond to each question in 1- 1 ½ pages per question.

Total assignment should be 4-6 pages total plus a Title and Reference Page

Do not copy the questions in your responses. See APA style on how to create Topic Headings. Suggested Topic Headings follow each question. You may use them or create your own.

1. Skinner suggests that since environmental control is ever-present, we should learn to make maximum use of these environmental influences. He also suggests that concern with internal variables, such as emotion and motivation, as explanations of behavior has led psychologists astray. Do you think this approach would lead to a more scientific psychology? Or might it instead create a psychology that fails to develop a science of important aspects of human experience?

Suggested Topic Heading: Skinner and Environmental Influences

2. In considering Kelly's constructive alternativism, does it seem odd to read about a theorist who holds little stock in idea that there is an objective reality or absolute truth to discover? Can we conduct a science of persons if there is no objective reality or truth to discover? How might Kelly's constructive alternativism foster an even more fruitful scientific investigation of persons than other theories?

Suggested Topic Heading: Kelly's Constructive Alternativism

3. B. F. Skinner questioned people's capacity for free will and self-control. In what ways does social cognitive theory, and its associated programs of research, provide a counter-argument to Skinner's position?. How does a focus on expectancies differentiate social-cognitive theory from behaviorism? How does this shift enable social-cognitive theorists to explain why two people react differently to the same environment?

Suggested Topic Heading: Skinner vs Social Cognitive Theory

4. People seem to differ in their "moods." Some people are commonly "upbeat" and "lively." Others seem lower in energy. Some people seem commonly to be depressed. How does social cognitive theory explain these individual differences? Or does it? Might this be a limitation to the social-cognitive approach? What are your thoughts about problem-focused and emotion-focused coping?

Suggested Topic Heading: Social Cognitive Theory, Problem-Focused and Emotion-Focused Coping

References: Cervone, D. & Pervin, L.A. (2016). Personality theory and research. (12th ed.). New York , NY Wiley, John & Sons, Inc. ISBN 9781118976296