While codes of ethics may provide guidelines for employees, including accountants, these guidelines may not offer the methods to follow for moral reasoning when confronted with ethical issues when performing accounting duties. Alternative models to assist accountants have evolved to assist them in making morally sound judgments.

1. Identify and analyze the different moral standards as used by each of the following moral reasoning models:

- the utilitarian model
- the rights model
- the justice model

2. Choose the model that is most appropriate for accountants and using that model answer:

- Explain how the theory applies to accountants in the deployment of their duties.

- Explain why you think the model you selected is most appropriate for accountants to stay within the realm of ethical behavior. Defend your position with specific examples of different situations that accountants may be faced with, and how your selected model will be appropriate to stay within the realm of ethical behavior in those situations.

3. Discuss the process that involves moral standards and the several-step process that you may utilize to make a decision that is morally ethical.