Directions: This is a comprehensive Final Exam. You are required to answer the questions in complete sentences. Also, please use references from your text book and other sources (i.e. research articles). If you use any supporting materials, please reference that material using APA style. Please do not bullet your answers. Your answers should be 2 paragraphs minimum per question. I wish you the best! Finish strong!
Final Exam
1. Discuss the influence of heredity and environmental factors on intelligence by referring to the results from twin studies, adoption studies, and research on environmental deprivation.
2. Briefly describe not list Kholberg's stages of moral development.
3. Describe the type of intelligence proposed by Gardner (Multiple Intelligence).
4. Explain what is meant by a personality trait and describe the Big Five- Factor model of personality.
5. The six step rational decision-making model
a. Define the problem
b. Identify decision criteria
c. Weight the criteria
d. Generate alternatives
e. Rate each alternative on each criterion
f. Compute the optimal decision
Using the information above and other supporting materials name and describe three or four barriers to effective problem solving that makes some problems difficult to solve.
6. Discuss the following statement from the text. "On the one hand, emotion can cause motivation. On the other hand, motivation can cause emotion."
7. Describe the basic tenets of Erikson's theory and describe his stages of childhood and adult personality development.
8. Discuss the nature versus nurture debate in psychology.
9. (a) Please define the meaning of the theoretical term Schema in your own words.
(b) Give an example of a schema (or a script) and point out the important characteristics of a schema using your example (this part should be quite extensive).
10. Is intelligence inherited, or does the environment play a larger role? Explain and provide examples. Are intelligence tests biased? Explain and provide examples.
11. Describe the crises of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, and contrast them with Freud's stages.
12. Discuss the social learning theory as an extension of behaviorism.
13. Discuss the primary focus of socio-cultural theory.
14. Describe four situations in which couples should seek genetic testing and counseling.
15. Explain the main goal of teratology , and discuss several factors that determine whether a specific teratogen will be harmful.
16. Discuss protective steps that may be taken to prevent the damaging effects of teratogens, emphasizing the effects of alcohol use by the expectant mother.
17. Identify at least five teratogens, and describe the effects on the developing embryo and fetus.
18. Discuss the importance of social support, a strong parental alliance, and parent-infant bonding to a healthy start for the baby.
19. Discuss the cause and effect of malnutrition in the first years.
20. Explain the information processing theory of cognition.
21. Explain what object permanence is, how it is tested in infancy, and what these tests reveal.
22. Identify and describe Piaget's first two stages of sensorimotor intelligence.