Describe the principles of the Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) Model. Relate the CERC principles to the stages of a crisis by discussing how the CERC principles can have an impact during the Chronic stage of a crisis.

What is the key concept of Sandman's High Hazard/High Outrage type of risk communication? How should an organization best act and communicate in this type of crisis? What type of messages should they send?

Explain the role of trust in risk and crisis communications. Why are expressing empathy and honesty so important?

Explain the Risk Perception Model. Discuss at least three risk perception factors and how those factors impact the audience's perception of the crisis. Provide examples.