problem 1) Elaborate sources of impurities in pharmaceutical substances and describe their effect on pharmaceutical substances.

problem 2) describe limit test for Arsenic.

problem 3) Define monograph. What are the content of monographs?

problem 4) Describe hardness of water and state the methods to remove hardness of water.

problem 5) What is radiopaque contrast media ? Describe different radiopaque contrast compounds.

problem 6)a) describe in brief different official water in I.P.

b) describe the limit test for lead.

c) Describe in brief different antidotes.

problem 7) prepare brief notes on:

a) Geiger Muller Counter

b) Anticaries agents

c) Electrolytes used for replacement therapy

d) Applications of Radiopharmaceuticals

problem 8)a) describe in brief saline cathartics.

b) Define and classify inorganic gastrointestinal agents.

problem 9)a) Describe the magnesium compounds used as antacids.

b) What are expectorants? describe ammonium chloride and potassium iodide as expectorants.

c) Describe the mechanism of action of inorganic antimicrobial agent.

problem10)a) Describe the role of oxygen, carbon dioxide in human body.

b) What are astringent ? Describe two official compounds used as astringent.

c) describe in brief antioxidants and preservatives.

problem 11)a) prepare the uses of Titanium Dioxide, Hydrogen Peroxide, Potassium Iodide, Bismuth Subcarbonate and Activated Charcoal.

b) Describe antacid. describe in brief aluminum hydroxide as antacid.