Decision-Making Case Using Spreadsheet: Purchasing Analysis
Kayo Computer assembles and sells special computers. Each computer needs one custom-designed printed circuit board (PCB). Kayo has contracted to buy the PCBs from an outside PCB manufacturer, Apex Manufacturing. The long-term contract stipulates that Kayo pays $200 per board to Apex for up to 2,000 PCBs. If the annual order quantity exceeds 2,000 PCBs, then Apex is obligated to give a discount of $40 per board for the portion beyond 2,000, thus selling them at $160.
Kayo can also buy the same PCBs from another manufacturer, TCI Electronics, that offers a lower price of $120 per PCB but asks a one-time payment of $100,000 as a nonrefundable design and engineering fee. As a purchasing manager, you have determined that Kayo may use PCBs from either of the two manufacturers, or from both in any mixture without any manufacturing cost or compatibility problems.
The PCB along with other components are assembled by Kayo into its special computer. The variable assembly cost of the Kayo special computer is $450 each with an annual fixed cost of $1,500,000. Kayo sells the assembled computer for $1,000 each. At the moment no one is sure how many Kayo computers the company can sell for the next year. The VP of Finance at Kayo Computer, has notified that this model of Kayo computer will be discontinued after next year and so any one-time fee that might be paid to TCI must be justified based on one-year's sales alone. You will evaluate certain economic and legal issue as part of your financial plan for the next year.
Use Excel to build spreadsheet analysis models that captures the profitability of the Kayo special computer for next year. It is not allowed to use Solver to solve this problem. You should build your own analysis models in spreadsheet. You will analyze the following scenarios:
Build a spreadsheet model that captures the profitability of the Kayo personal computer for next year. As a start, assume that 5,000 computers can be sold next year and only 1,000 of the PCBs are purchased from Apex (the balance being supplied by TCI). Write a short text to indicate the profit in this scenario. Name this worksheet as Scenario 1.
If total sales were 5,000 units, how many PCBs would you buy from Apex and how many from TCI to maximize next year’s profits? Use another worksheet to create an analysis model that shows several different combinations of the number of PCBs from Apex and the number of PCBs from TCI and then identify the combination that will bring maximum profit. Write a short text to indicate the combination that can generate the max profit in this scenario. Name this worksheet as Scenario 2.
In reviewing the Apex contract, you note that it is requires Kayo to purchase at least 20% of the PCBs used in the Kayo computers sold (and not less than 1,000 PCBs) from Apex. The contract also contains a liquidated damages clause in the event of Kayo’s default in the amount of $100,000. What would be the economic effect if Kayo defaults on the 20%/1000 minimum contracted purchase provision and substitute more TCI boards in the event that 5,000 Kayo computers can be sold next year? Use a new worksheet to build an analysis model that exhibits the effect. Name this worksheet as Scenario 3.
(Optional, 10 extra points if you complete this part correctly, no partial points) You just received a market analysis report revealing that unit sales will depend on the price of the computer. At the price of $1,000, about 5,000 units will be sold, but for every increase (or decrease) of $100, sales will decrease (or increase, respectively) by 1,000 units. On a new worksheet, create an analysis model to maximize Kayo’s profit next year, by finding (a) the optimal price, and (b) the optimal number of boards to buy from Apex and from TCI while still honoring the original contract with Apex. Name this worksheet as Scenario 4.
Please upload an excel file to aa google drive or file share.