Correlational Designs

1. Be able to distinguish among the different ways to display correlational data and how to interpret the data (e.g., type of relationship) in the following:

a. Scatterplot 

b. Contingency table

c. Correlation matrix

2. Be familiar with the following statistical measures:

a. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient

b. Chi-square

c. Multiple regression analysis and regression coefficients

3. Be able to distinguish among and identify examples of the following:

a. Reciprocal causation

b. Common-causal variables

c. Third variables

d. Spurious variables

e. Extraneous variables

f. Mediating variables

Experimental Research: One-Way Designs

1. How does a hypothesis in an experimental design differ from a hypothesis in a non-experimental design with regard to statistical outcomes? Hint: What is being compared?

2. What is the difference between an experimental condition and a control condition?

3. Be able to identify characteristics of one-way experimental designs.

4. Be able to identify the dependent variable, independent variable, and/or the levels of the independent variable in applied examples.

5. Why might it be necessary to have multiple levels of the independent variable in an experimental research design? What does doing this control for?

6. What is the goal of random assignment in experimental research?

7. What do the results of an ANOVA reveal? How is an ANOVA different from a t-test?

8. Be able to distinguish among characteristics of repeated-measures designs, within-participants designs, and between-participants designs.

9. What is counterbalancing?