"Compare and contrast hard and soft methods of beach stabilization. What are the various structures or procedures for each method and what is the purpose of each? What are the positive and negative impacts of each?

Compare and contrast the features of the east and west coasts of the United States. What erosional and depositional features are more common on each coastline? What accounts for these differences?

List three factors that determine how rocks will behave when exposed to stresses that exceed their strength. Explain the role of each.

Compare and contrast brittle and ductile deformation. Explain the nature of the stresses involved and the conditions that result in each type of deformation. Include three examples for each. 

Describe the evolution of a stable irregular coastline? How does the behavior of waves approaching shore affect this process? How do shoreline features change as a result?

Discuss Earth's polarity and the generation of the geomagnetic rock record in the crustal rocks of the ocean floor. What evidence is there and how can this document both the veracity of the theory of plate tectonics and the rate of plate movement?

Every child who sees a map of the world notices that the South American and African continents seem to fit together. What are five additional lines of evidence that attest to the amassing of continents? Specify how each connects the continents. Give examples

Compare and contrast divergent and convergent boundaries. Describe the direction of plate movement and common geologic features found at each. What accounts for the differing compositions of the magmas associated with each?

Describe the formation of a mantle plume and relate that to the formation of the Hawaiian Island/Emperor Seamount chain. How do the mantle plume and plate tectonic account for the various ages of the islands?

What is isostasy and what is its role in determining the height of a mountain range? How can the roots of mountains (which formed at depths as great as 40+ miles) be exposed in the shield areas of the world's continental cratons?

Discuss four reasons why an earthquake with a moderate magnitude might cause more extensive damage than a quake with a high magnitude.

Describe three methods of short range and two methods of long-range earthquake prediction. Why are short range predictions not more frequently publicized? Of what use are long-range predictions?

Briefly describe the different layers of the Earth. Describe how the behavior of seismic waves within each layer relates to their composition and density.

all answer 1 or 2 paragraph long."