Chapter 4 Self Quiz

Introduction to Criminal Justice, 8th Edition

1. Which of the following penal sanctions has the goal of changing the offender's behavior and, perhaps, personality?

A) compensation

B) restitution

C) regulation

D) treatment

2. The term "precedent" refers to which of the following sources of law?

A) constitutions

B) legislation

C) case law

D) administrative regulations

3. When did the Supreme Court begin to selectively incorporate into the 14th Amendment most of the procedural safeguards contained in the Bill of Rights and make them applicable to the states?

A) 1860s

B) 1920s

C) 1940s

D) 1960s

4. Under the leadership of which Chief Justice did the Supreme Court begin to selectively incorporate most of the procedural safeguards contained in the Bill of Rights and make them applicable to the states?

A) Marshall

B) Warren

C) Burger

D) Rehnquist
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5. Which of the following situations might be construed as a seizure, even where a person does not attempt to leave?

A) the threatening presence of several officers

B) the display of a weapon by an officer

C) some physical touching of the person

D) all of the above

6. Which of the following standards of proof must law enforcement officers have before a magistrate or other specified judicial officer legally can issue a search or arrest warrant?

A) reasonable suspicion

B) probable cause

C) preponderance of evidence

D) beyond a reasonable doubt

7. In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court rule that police may search the passenger compartment of a vehicle incident to a recent occupant's arrest only if it is reasonable to believe that the arrestee might access the vehicle at the time of the search or that the vehicle contains evidence of the offense of arrest.

A) Chimel v. California

B) Harris v. United States

C) Arizona v. Gant

D) U.S. v. Mendenhall

8. Which of the following cases did NOT create a "good faith" or "inevitable discovery" exception to the exclusionary rule?

A) Mapp v. Ohio

B) U.S. v. Leon

C) Massachusetts v. Sheppard

D) Nix v. Williams

9. In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court, for the first time, establish standards for what constitutes "ineffective assistance of counsel."

A) Estelle v. Smith

B) Bounds v. Smith

C) Coleman v. Alabama

D) Strickland v. Washington

10. In which of the following cases was the 8th Amendment prohibition of "cruel and unusual punishment" extended to trials in state courts?

A) Robinson v. California

B) Estelle v. Smith

C) Bounds v. Smith

D) Coleman v. Alabama

11. In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court first abandon its fixed or historical meaning of the concept of "cruel and unusual punishment" and create a new one?

A) Trop v. Dulles

B) Weems v. United States

C) Estelle v. Smith

D) Bounds v. Smith

12. Which of the following amendments involves the exclusionary rule?

A) 4th

B) 5th

C) 6th

D) 8th

13. Which of the following amendments deals with searches and seizures?

A) 4th

B) 5th

C) 6th

D) 8th

14. Which of the following amendments prohibits cruel and unusual punishments?

A) 4th

B) 5th

C) 6th

D) 8th

15. Which of the following amendments guarantees right to counsel?

A) 4th

B) 5th

C) 6th

D) 8th

16. Which of the following amendments protects an offender from compelled self-incrimination?

A) 4th

B) 5th

C) 6th

D) 8th

17. Which of the following created the crime of "domestic terrorism"?

A) the exclusionary rule

B) the Magna Carta

C) the USA PATRIOT Act

D) Kyllo v. United States

18. Latin for "to stand by the decision"; the principle of using precedents to guide future decisions in court cases is _____.

A) venue

B) precedent

C) stare decisis

D) subpoena

19. _____ refers to the legal rights of people suspected or charged with crimes.

A) Substantive law

B) Due process of law

C) Civil law

D) Legality

20. A violation of the civil law is called a _____.

A) tort

B) ordinance violation

C) precedent

D) venue

21. The place of the trial is the _____; it must be geographically appropriate.

A) stare decisis

B) venue

C) subpoena

D) politicality

22. _____ is (are) the taking of persons or property into custody in response to violations of the criminal law.

A) Seizures

B) Search

C) A warrant

D) Frisking

23. _______ is the applicability of the criminal law to all persons.

A) Specificity

B) Regularity

C) Politicality

D) Uniformity

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24. An admission by a person accused of a crime that he or she has committed the offense charged is a (an) _____.

A) confession

B) precedent

C) subpoena

D) venue

25. _____ is the amount of proof necessary for a reasonably intelligent person to believe that a crime has been committed or that items connected with criminal activity can be found in a particular place. It is the standard of proof needed to conduct a search or to make an arrest.

A) Reasonable suspicion

B) Preponderance of evidence

C) Mere suspicion

D) Probable cause

26. ______ is the enforcement of the laws against anyone who violates them, regardless of social status.

A) Specificity

B) Regularity

C) Politicality

D) Uniformity

27. The ______ not only created the idea of the rule of law but also formed the basis of what would later be called due process of law.

A) exclusionary rule

B) Bill of Rights

C) Magna Carta

D) penal code

28. The FISA Amendments Act of 2008 does which of the following?

A) allows the collection of foreign-to-foreign phone calls, emails, and all international communications by U.S. intelligence agencies where one party is in the United States, so long as no one particular person in the United States is being targeted

B) requires under penalty of law, telecommunication companies and electronic communication service providers to provide information, facilities, and assistance necessary to conduct
surveillance

C) protects third parties from past or future lawsuits arising from the assistance they provide the government

D) all of the above