Chapter 1

1. Dependent___________ describes the status of a child who needs court protection and assistance because his or her health or welfare is endangered due to the parent's or guardian's inability to provide proper care and supervision.

2. All delinquency isn't caused by the same factors and isn't equally serious.___________ is a conceptual grouping of items into categories so they can be considered separately and compared.

3. When measuring crime and allocating resources to control it, the differences between reported and unreported crime have substantial significance. We can make educated guesses about the amount of unreported crime that exists in any jurisdiction, but we can't know for sure its actual incidence.This is referred to as the _dark figure of crime_____________ ______________ ____________.

4. List the three branches of the government and identify the criminal justice functions of each branch.

5. Participation in illegal behavior by a minor who falls under a statutory age limit is referred to as __Juvenile Delinquency____________________.

6. When juveniles participate in behavior that differs from a norm or from the standards of a society, this is referred to deviant behavior.List six types of deviant behavior exhibited by juveniles.

7. Compiled by the FBI, the _Uniform crime report__________________________ is the most widely used source of national crime and delinquency statistics.

8. LIST the three available sources of delinquency data:

9. DISCUSS the aspects of a cohort and the significant findings at its conclusion.

10. The power of the state to act in behalf of the child and provide care and protection equivalent to that of a parent was delineated by a Latin phrase which literally meant, the king is father of his country, refers to the doctrine of ________________________.

11. Conduct that is illegal only because the child is under age is termed as ________________.

12. LIST some examples of juvenile status offenses.

13. The segment of the justice system that includes law enforcement officers, the courts and correctional agencies that are designed to treat youthful offenders is referred to as ________________________.

14. A child who is considered unruly, resisting correction, rehabilitation or punishment is considered __________________.

15. According to your text, what are some ways in which youth may be affected by victimization?

Chapter 2

1. In what ways do young people have more freedom than they did in the past?In what ways do they have less?

2. Who were the "child savers," and who were they protecting children from?

3. The three primary models of dealing with status offenders are ________________,_________________,and __________________.

4. Compare and contrast the three primary models for dealing with status offenders.

5. Nineteenth-century reformers who developed programs for troubled youth and influenced legislation creating the juvenile justice system. Some critics have viewed them as being more concerned with control of the poor than with their welfare. These reformers were referred to as the _________________________.

6. Among the landholding classes, __________________ required that the oldest surviving male child inherit family lands and titles.

7. List why youths of past generations assumed adult responsibilities sooner than do today's youth.

8. Where the father was the final authority on all family matters and exercised complete control over the social, economic, and physical well-being of his wife and children refers to which type of family?

9. The orphan train of the late 19th century attempted to ease the burdens of impoverished youth. From 1850 into the 20th century, children were sent West on the orphan trains.What two key purposes did this serve?

10. What are some of the common reasons that boys are treated differently by the juvenile justice system than young girls?

11. Compare and contrast the language of the adult criminal justice system and that of the juvenile justice system.

12. An early form of the reformatory during the mid to late 19th century that housed impoverished children, juvenile delinquents, and status offenders was referred to as a __________________________.

13. When a court is asked to assume jurisdiction over a juvenile or asks that an alleged delinquent be waived to criminal court to be prosecuted as an adult, a document called a______________________is prepared.

14. Analyze how the first juvenile court evolved in its early history.

15. Today, the legal status of "___________________________" refers to a minor child who has been found to have violated the penal code.