Last year, the manager of the service department at East Woods Ford instituted a customer opinion program to find out how to improve service. One week after service on a vehicle was performed, an assistant would call the customer to find out whether the work had been done satisfactorily and how service could be improved. After one year of gath- ering data, the assistant discovered that the complaints could be grouped into the following five categories: Complaint Frequency Unfriendly atmosphere 5 Long wait for service 17 Price too high 20 Incorrect bill 8 Needed to return to correct problem 50 Total 100

Categorize the following causes of complaints into a cause-and-effect diagram: tools, scheduling, defective parts, training, billing system, performance measures, diagnostic equipment, and communications.