A)What is ‘groupthink?' Provide a definition.

B)Choose two of the following historic events to apply the ‘groupthink' approach to:

•Space Shuttle Disaster of 1986

•Bay of Pigs Invasion in 1962

•Johnson's Role in the Viet Nam War in 1964

•Bush Administration Invasion of Iraq in 2000

C)Using Irving Janis's indications of groupthink, explain what happened to illustrate or provide evidence of each characteristic of the two historic events you have chosen. The characteristics to consider when reviewing each historical event include, according to Janis:

•Illusion of invulnerability

•Unquestioned belief in the group's morality

•Rationalization

•Stereotyped view of your opponent

•Conformity pressure

•Self-censorship

•Illusion of unanimity

•Mindguards

D)Which factors do you see that could be of particular concern in any work environment but in a nonprofit work environment in particular? Why?