Assignment

Question 1
Our knowledge of child development is interdisciplinary. What does this mean?
A.Individuals from diverse fields have contributed to our knowledge of child development.
B.Our knowledge of child development is based exclusively on research conducted by people in the field of child development.
C.Child development is not recognized as a distinct field of study.
D.Child development is part of a larger discipline known as developmental psychology.

Question 2
Theorists who emphasize the importance of effective parenting are most likely to focus on the importance of nurture.
True
False

Question 3
During the sixteenth century, the Puritans believed that children were:
A.innately endowed with a sense of goodness that would only be harmed by adult training.
B.neither inherently good nor evil, but simply the product of their environment and upbringing.
C.theoretically capable of becoming anything if given the proper training and rearing.
D.naturally inclined toward evil unless given the proper guidance and instruction.

Question 4
John Locke's philosophy:
A.regards child development as discontinuous.
B.characterizes children as playing an active role in development.
C.deals with the power of heredity to shape the child.
D.emphasizes the possibility of many courses of development.

Question 5
According to the behavioristic approach, the proper focus of study for psychology should be:
A.directly observable events.
B.each person's unique inner experience.
C.unconscious impulses and drives.
D.adaptive evolutionary behavior patterns.

Question 6
Since child development is a simple, straight-forward process, most theorists readily agree on all major points.
True
False

Question 7
Observations of ________ led to the concept of the critical period in human development.
A.human infant-caregiver attachment
B.stimulus-response associations learned by newborn mice
C.joint problem solving in chimpanzees
D.imprinting

Question 8
Vygotsky believed that _________ produce development.
A.environmental influences that occur during a sensitive period
B.cooperative dialogues between children and more knowledgeable members of society
C.children's active, independent efforts
D.bidirectional influences within the chronosystem

Question 9
A major advantage of structured observations is that they:
A.permit participants to display their thoughts in terms that are as close as possible to the way they think in everyday life.
B.are useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.
C.yield richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development.
D.allow researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural settings.

Question 10
Ethnographers strive to minimize their influence by:
A.relying on unobtrusive techniques, such as surveillance cameras and one-way mirrors.
B.minimizing the time spent with the cultural community they are studying.
C.becoming part of the cultural community they are studying.
D.employing rigorous experimental procedures.

Question 11
A person whose 23rd pair of chromosomes is xy:
A.has Turner syndrome.
B.has Down syndrome.
C.is heterozygous.
D.is male.

Question 12
Identical twins are created when:
A.two different eggs are fertilized by two different sperm.
B.one egg cell is fertilized by two different sperm cells.
C.a fertilized egg divides into two separate clusters of cells.
D.two different egg cells are fertilized by the same sperm cell.

Question 13
________ are more likely than ________ to be affected by X-linked diseases.
A.Singletons; twins or triplets
B.African Americans; European Americans
C.First-born children; later-born children
D.Males; females

Question 14
________ helps explain why children are more likely to develop asthma if their mothers, rather than their fathers, suffer from it.
A.Polygenetic inheritance
B.Genetic imprinting
C.Modifier genes
D.X-linked inheritance

Question 15
A child born with an extra 21st chromosome has:
A.hemophilia.
B.Down syndrome.
C.fragile X syndrome.
D.sickle cell anemia

Question 16
When a marriage is tense and hostile, parents may be less responsive to their children's needs.
True
False

Question 17
Which of the following is supported by research on SES?
A.Within the first few days of life, higher-SES infants show higher IQ than lower-SES infants.
B.Lower-SES fathers tend to devote more time to parenting compared to higher-SES fathers.
C.Lower-SES parents tend to place greater emphasis on psychological traits, whereas higher-SES parents tend to emphasize external characteristics.
D.Commands to children, such as "You do that because I told you to," are more common in lower-SES than in higher-SES households.

Question 18
Nearly ________ of the homeless in the United States are families with children.
A.23 percent
B.3 percent
C.100 percent
D.98 percent

Question 19
Compared with other nations, how does the United States stand on indicators of child health and well-being?
A.The United States lags behind other industrialized nations.
B.The United States is about the same as other nations.
C.The United States is ahead of almost all other nations.
D.The United States lags behind virtually all other nations.

Question 20
The concept of range of reaction explains that children who are exposed to the same environmental conditions:
A.will tend to show the same pattern of responses over time.
B.will become genetically more similar than other children are.
C.tend to overcome their inheritance, so their genes have no effect.
D.may respond to them differently because of their genetic makeup.