Assignment

Question 1
Of the two main sources of Energy that drive the Rock Cycle:

1) Earth's Internal Heat
2) Solar Energy

Match these primary sources of energy to the rock types listed below, meaning that this energy source is responsible for the formation of this rock type.

Sedimentary Rocks are primarily formed by __________
Igneous Rocks are primarily formed by ____________

Question 2
Match the Plate Boundary Type with the given locations/features on Earth

Divergent boundary
Transform boundary
Convergent boundary
Continental rift

A. East African Rift
B. Himalaya Mountains along the Indian Plate
C. San Andreas fault in CA
D. Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Question 3
Wegener's Continental drift hypothesis paved the way towards our understanding of how the Earth's surface is moving and changing! Which of the follow is NOT evidence that Wegener and his supporters gathered to substantiate ("prove") the continental drift hypothesis?
Fossils match across the seas
Mountain ranges and rock types match on different continents
Ancient climates match, as seen in glacial desposts across several continents
The continents appear to fit together like a jigsaw puzzle
The mechanism for the movement of the continents was proven, explaining exactly how the plates drifted

Question 4
Identify the rock in the image. Is it sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic? Can you give a more specific name for this rock

Question 5
Plate movements can affect which of the following earth systems/processes?
A. Volcanoes
B. Earthquakes
C. Mountains
D. Migrating Continents and Oceans
E. All of the above

Question 6
Identify the rock in the image. Is it sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic? Can you give a more specific name for this rock?

Question 7
Think About It: If other planets in our Solar System are not displaying signs of Plate Tectonic motions, what can be inferred about the state of the interior of these planets? (What does this tell us about the state of the interior of other planets in our Solar System)

Question 8
When a rock is heated, when pressure increases, or when hot water alters its chemistry, both its minerals and its textures change in a process called _____________.
chemical lithification
metamorphism
abrasion
bedding

Question 9
When a sedimentary rock is created it forever remains a sedimentary rock, never changing.
True
False

Question 10
Which of the following statements apply to the asthenosphere, but not the lithosphere?
A. Zone in the upper mantle that deforms by plastic flowage
B. Cool, ridge layer of crust and upper mantle that forms the tectonic plates
C. Deforms mainly by brittle fracturing and faulting
D. Hard surface which floats on top of molten material

Question 11
All of the following are current evidence supporting the theory of plate tectonics except for _________.
changes in the Moon's orbit due to shifting plates
hot spots
ocean floor drilling
paleomagnetism

Question 12
Rocks that contain crystals that are roughly equal in size and can be identified with the unaided eye are said to exhibit a _______ texture.
porphyritic
fine-grained
coarse-grained
glassy

Question 13
Subduction zones are associated with a _________ plate boundary.
A. Transform
B. All plate boundaries
C. Divergent
D. Convergent

Question 14
Use the Plate Tectonic Boundary Map on pages 202-203 in your textbook to answer the following questions:
Describe the tectonic motion taking place between then African Plate and the Eurasian plate. What major geological feature exists there and why?
Divergent Boundary. Alps Mountain range, formed from plates pusing together and compressing, building up the mountain range.
Convergent Boundary. Alps Mountain range, formed from plates pusing together and compressing, building up the mountain range.
Divergent Boundary. Alps Mountain range, formed from plates pulling apart and decompressing, building up the mountain range.
Transform Boundary. Alps Mountain range, formed from plates sliding past one another therfore building up the mountain range.

Question 15
There are two main types of igneous rocks. Blank 1_____ igneous rocks are formed from magma that cooled very quickly and are fine-grained. These can also be called Blank 2 _____ igneous rocks. The second type of igneous rock is Blank 3 _____ igneous rocks which are coarse-grained because the magma from which they formed cooled slowly. These can also be called Blank 4 _______ igneous rocks.

Question 16
Shells and other hard parts of animals such as calms, oysters and corals are comprised of carbonate minerals that eventually become limestone. This is an example of how changes in the _____________perturb the _______________.
A. Biosphere; Atmosphere
B. Hydrosphere; Biosphere
C. Atmosphere; Hydrosphere
D. Biosphere; Hydrosphere
E. Biosphere; Geosphere
F. Hydrosphere; Geosphere

Question 17
The Lithosphere is being consumed at Term 1
, and being produced at Term 2
, which happens at the same rate, allowing for the Earth to reamain the same relative size.

Question 18
Alfred Wegener's concept of a single supercontinent that broke apart to form the modern continents is called the theory of ______________.....which was later re-named once scientific data confirmed what was causing the plates to move.
Continential drift
Seafloor spreading
Asthenosphere drift
Pangea

Question 19
Most common igneous rocks are named in pairs, each member having the same Blank 1 _______ but different Blank 2 _____. An Example is Granite and Rhyolite.

Question 20

1. Sedimentary Rocks are broadly divided into four categories. For the definitions given, match the correct type of sedimentary rock.

Sedimentary rock derived from plant and animal remains. And example is Coal, which is formed from partially decayed plants called peat.

Halite is a good example of this type of sedimentary rock. Halite is an evaporate because the salt precipitates from the seawater

Derived from the weathering of pre-existing rocks. Sandstone is an example of this type of sedimentary rock

2. Derived from biological clasts. Limestone is a good example.

A. Bioclastic sedimentary rocks
B. Detrial or Clastic sedimentary rocks
C. Chemical sedimentary rocks
D. Organic sedimentary rocks

Question 21
Probably the single most characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks is layering.
True
False

Question 22
Which of the following energy sources is thought to drive the lateral motions of Earth's lithospheric plates?
export of heat from deep in the mantle to the top of the asthenosphere
swirling movements of the molten iron particles in the outer core
gravitational attractive forces of the Sun and Moon
electrical and magnetic fields localized in the inner core.