Assignment 

1. Summarize the following paragraphs in one or two sentences.

2. Mariam was five years old the first time she heard the word harami.

3. It happened on a Thursday. It must have, because Mariam remembered that she had been restless and preoccupied that day, the way she was only on Thursdays, the day when Jalil visited her at the kolba. To pass the time until the moment that she would see him at last, crossing the knee-high grass in the clearing and waving, Mariam had climbed a chair and taken down her mother's Chinese tea set. The tea set was the sole relic that Mariam's mother, Nana, had of her own mother, who had died when Nana was two. Nana cherished each blue-and-white porcelain piece, the graceful curve of the pot's spout, the hand-painted finches and chrysanthemums, the dragon on the sugar bowl, meant to ward off evil.

4. It was this last piece that slipped from Mariam's fingers, that fell to the wooden floorboards of the kolba and shattered.

5. When Nana saw the bowl, her face flushed red and her upper lip shivered, and her eyes, both the lazy one and the good, settled on Mariam in a flat, unblinking way. Nana looked so mad that Mariam feared the jinn would enter her mother's body again. But the jinn didn't come, not that time. Instead, Nana grabbed Mariam by the wrists, pulled her close, and, through gritted teeth, said, "You are a clumsy little harami. This is my reward for everything I've endured. An heirloom-breaking, clumsy little harami."

6. At the time, Mariam did not understand. She did not know what this word harami-bastard-meant. Nor was she old enough to appreciate the injustice, to see that it is the creators of the harami who are culpable, not the harami, whose only sin is being born. Mariam did surmise, by the way Nana said the word, that it was an ugly, loathsome thing to be a harami, like an insect, like the scurrying cockroaches Nana was always cursing and sweeping out of the kolba.

7. Later, when she was older, Mariam did understand. It was the way Nana uttered the word-not so much saying it as spitting it at her-that made Mariam feel the full sting of it. She understood then what Nana meant, that a harami was an unwanted thing; that she, Mariam, was an illegitimate person who would never have legitimate claim to the things other people had, things such as love, family, home, acceptance.

8. Jalil never called Mariam this name. Jalil said she was his little flower. He was fond of sitting her on his lap and telling her stories, like the time he told her that Herat, the city where Mariam was born, in 1959, had once been the cradle of Persian culture, the home of writers, painters, and Sufis.

9. Excerpt from A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS by Khaled Hosseini, by arrangement with Riverhead Books, a member of Penguin Group (USA), Inc., Copyright (c) 2007 by ATSS Publications, LLC. In stores May 22nd.

2. Paraphrase the following sentences.

1. More than 1,000 Syrian refugees in Turkey have been blocked from resettlement in the US and other countries because they have university qualifications. (Kingsley, 2016)

2. "Threads are the new apps," suggested Facebook's head of messaging products David Marcus in January, referring to the threads of conversation in apps such as Facebook Messenger and WhatsApp. (Dredge, S.)

3. More than 200m gallons of contaminated wastewater from a fertilizer plant in central Florida leaked into one of the state's main underground sources of drinking water after a huge sinkhole opened up beneath a storage pond, a phosphate company said on Friday.
(Associated Press in Tampa, Florida 17-9-2016)

4. The iPhone 7's new solid-state home "button" does not work without skin contact, rendering the phone unaccessible when placed inside a sports armband, a waterproof case or when the user is wearing touchscreen gloves. (Gibbs, S)

5. As chairman of Donald Trump's "Florida law enforcement coalition" and one of the Trump campaign's official pilots, Vincent Caldara is doubly devoted to the Republican presidential nominee and his pledge to crack down on criminality. (Swaine, 2016)

6. Sentences Retrieved from: [19-9-2016 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/19/turkey-syrian-refugees-resettlement-blocked-us-degrees]

3. From the source, make an indirect quote and a direct quote

• What made you change your mind about guns? Lois Beckett
Americans own an estimated 265m guns, more than one gun for every American adult, according to the most definitive portrait of US gun ownership in two decades. But the new survey estimates that 130m of these guns are concentrated in the hands of just 3% of

American adults - a group of super-owners who have amassed an average of 17 guns each.

The unpublished Harvard/Northeastern survey result summary, obtained exclusively by the Guardian and the Trace, estimates that America's gun stock has increased by 70m guns since 1994. At the same time, the percentage of Americans who own guns decreased slightly from 25% to 22%.

The new survey, conducted in 2015 by public health researchers from Harvard and Northeastern universities, also found that the proportion of female gun owners is increasing as fewer men own guns. These women were more likely to own a gun for self-defense than men, and more likely to own a handgun only.

Women's focus on self-defense is part of a broader trend. Even as the US has grown dramatically safer and gun violence rates have plummeted, handguns have become a greater proportion of the country's civilian gun stock, suggesting that self-defense is an increasingly important factor in gun ownership.

"The desire to own a gun for protection - there's a disconnect between that and the decreasing rates of lethal violence in this country. It isn't a response to actuarial reality," said Matthew Miller, a Northeastern University and Harvard School of Public Health professor and one of the authors of the study.

The data suggests that American gun ownership is driven by an "increasing fearfulness", said Dr Deborah Azrael, a Harvard School of Public Health firearms researcher and the lead author of the study.

Retrieved from:[ 19-9-2016 https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/sep/19/us-gun-ownership-survey]

4. Topic sentences & controlling statement

For the following images, decide on the following:

First, write the word Topic: (and then state the topic) for each of the following paragraphs.

Second, write the words Controlling Statement: (and then write the controlling statement, whatever it is).

Third, write the topic sentence in a complete sentence using the topic and controlling statement you have just written.

The images are in attached file.

Attachment:- Assignment.rar