Assignment

1.In many preliterate societies, witchcraft serves as an everyday, socially acceptable way of managing tension, explaining the otherwise unexplainable, leveling disparities in wealth and status, and resolving social conflict.

True
False

2.Witches and sorcerers are

A. universally understood as harbingers of misfortune and evil
B. terms that are used interchangeably in anthropology to refer to those who manipulate supernatural forces to do harm to others
C. increasingly being differentiated in the field of anthropology on the basis of the source of their power and their physical and social associations
D. essentially the same except that witches tend to be female, awhile sorcery is an exclusively male profession; therefore, both roles are often represented in preliterate societies

3. Education level is a determining factor in cultural beliefs about witchcraft.

True
False

4.The "labeling theory of deviance" asserts that

A. the designation of deviance is entirely dependent upon the world-view and customs of a particular society
B. there are at least four different levels of deviance in any society ranging from mild impropriety to social pariahs
C. once members of society have been labeled as deviants, they become the lowest common denominator socially and, thereby, are assigned only partial personhood in the society
D. the designation of behavior as deviant focuses on the reaction of involved instead of on the act itself

5. In Thomas' article, Witchcraft is a popular explanation for HIV due to

A. rapid and often unpredictable socio-economic change
B. high rate of illness and death in persons of prime working age
C. traditional regional attribution of misfortune to witchcraft
D. all of these

6. The linkage of witchcraft to HIV/AIDS in Namibia has __ incidence of HIV/AIDS testing and diagnosis.

A. maintained
B. slightly decreased
C. increased
D. dramatically decreased

7. Among the Kabana of West New Britain, the sorcerer's threat inhibits deviance and mediates conflict so successfully that no one is actually ever sorcerized.

True
False

8.In Namibia, a witchcraft accusation can result in

A. increased isolation and severing of social ties for the victim and their family
B. increased isolation and severing of social ties for the accused and their family
C. neither of these
D. both of these

9. Victims of sorcery among the Kabana are assumed to have violated social mores and values, thereby infringing on the rights of others.

True
False

10. Among the Kabana, the decision to sorcerize and the execution of that decision

A. is made outside the village so that sorcerers in the village who are related to the intended victim cannot sense the intent to attack
B. is a personal matter negotiated in secrecy
C. is only made by the head of a family clan, although he can often be persuaded when enough of his extended family is in favor
D. should result from corporate deliberation and follow certain procedural rules

11. Kabana sorcerers may sometimes leave "calling cards" to announce the impending intent to sorcerize the victim.

True
False

12. "Esbats" are seasonal ritual meetings.

True
False

13. According to the reading, most covens hold their meetings in the nude.

True
False

14. Luhrmann, a witch herself, traces the modern revival of witchcraft to

A. a modern reexamination of the goddess cults and festivals held in Ancient Greece in honor of Aphrodite
B. ancient Pagan magico-religious cults rediscovered in Celtic texts and artifacts
C. the anthropological dissemination of ancient (pre-Christian) Sumerian goddess rites previously unknown in the Western world
D. the fictitious ethnographys and other writings produced by Gerald Gardner in the 1940s

15. According to Luhrmann, feminist covens

A. emphasize collectivity and creativity more than other types of modern witchcraft
B. have only been identified in the past and are not part of modern witchcraft
C. rely the most heavily on historical documents like ancient Sumerian and Egyptian texts associated with Goddess worship
D. are relatively rare in the United States but very popular in England

16. Modern witchcraft is a religious movement that is almost entirely made up of disenchanted "thirty-something" intellectuals.

True
False

17. The title of Lurhmann's article, "The Goat and the Gazelle," refers to

A. two distinct ancient rituals marking the decay of nature in the fall and its subsequent rebirth in the spring
B. the coupling of romantic spiritual intensity with the paunchy flaws of the flesh
C. the inherent complementarity and integration of female and male images and symbols in the practice of witchcraft
D. the two distinct branches of witchcraft: those who allow male member and those who do not

18. Gmelch asserts that while there is a great deal of ritual surrounding pitching and fielding, there is relatively little concerned with hitting.

True
False

19. Non-rational beliefs from the basis of baseball taboos and fetishes.

True
False

20. In his investigation into baseball magic, Gmelch defines ritual as

A. a symbolic assertion of control over the uncontrollable
B. a prescribed behavior in which there is no empirical connection between the means and the desired end
C. a prescribed behavior that supports the core beliefs of a system
D. a behavior that is done in a methodical and routinized way

21. Most rituals performed by baseball players come from

A. childhood mentors such as fathers and coaches
B. really good personal performances
C. Christian fold traditions
D. myths of baseball culture

22. According to Gmelch, when players are in a slump they

A. abide by their rituals stringently in an effort to turn their luck around
B. will add elements to their preexisting ritual, but they will hardly ever remove behavior from their rituals
C. usually make a deliberate effort to change their rituals in an attempt to shake off bad luck
D. tend to do the exact opposite of their former ritual, as all behavior associated with it has now become taboo

23. Mentioning a "no-hitter" while one is in progress is an example of a

A. taboo grounded in baseball culture
B. fetish
C. ritual of baseball culture as old as the game itself
D. personal and idiosyncratic taboo

24. B. F. Skinner used pigeons to demonstrate how and why personal rituals are established in the first place.

True
False

25. Gmelch concludes that fielding in baseball is very similar to

A. open sea fishing among the Trobriand because of its lack of associated magic
B. inner lagoon fishing among the Trobriand because of all the magic and ritual associated with the practice
C. inner lagoon fishing among the Trobriand because of the lack of associated magic and ritual
D. open sea fishing among the Trobriand because of all the magic and ritual associated with the practice.