Assignment
1. As the chapter introduction describes, anthropologists are particularly interested in the ways altered states of consciousness are interpreted in political systems.
True
False
2.An altered state of consciousness can be described as
A. a state of consciousness where the soul is perceived to leave the body
B. always induced by a hallucinogenic substance
C. a personal experience with a god or spirit unique to a religion
D. the most dramatic form of consciousness that may be deliberately induced
3. Altered states of consciousness represent a biological capacity common to all humans and a huge majority of cultures uses at least one form.
True
False
4. Altered states are always seen as spiritual gifts that allow participants to see into other realms.
True
False
5. Cross-cultural comparisons of hallucinogenic drugs show that
A. they can have different effects on the users from one society to the next because of differing cultural expectations
B. only shamans and various types of spiritual leaders use them
C. overall they have a negative effect on the society
D. all societies used some form
6. Lewis asserts that the most common cross-cultural explanation of trance is the invasion of the human body by an external spirit.
True
False
7. According to Lewis, what are the two trance inducing processes found in all civilizations and cultures?
A. performance dance and lack of sleep
B. psychotropic drugs and music
C. repetition and seclusion
D. sensory deprivation and overload
8. While studying the zar people of Sudan, Lewis found that trance is always induced by dance.
True
False
9. Lewis agrees that shamanism can be understood as
A. mystical flight
B. possession by a spirit or spirits
C. a characteristic unique to Siberian cultures
D. a unique relationship with animals
10. Greenfield asserts that because Brazilian culture patterns social relationships similar to those of hypnotist and client, patients of Brazilian healers are easily induced into trance.
True
False
11. Brazilian Spiritist healer-mediums go into trance to
A. receive their spirit guides
B. be able to conduct surgeries quickly and efficiently
C. control the spirits that have taken over the client's body
D. escape the reality of the surgery
12. Greefield argues that Brazilians are good hypnotic subjects because
A. they believe in psychotherapy and use hypnosis in their daily lives
B. their society teaches, reinforces and rewards fantasy
C. most have lost faith in Western medicine
D. they believe in the Spiritst view of reincarnation
13. Furst and Coe assert that the rectal delivery system for intoxicating substances can result in a more radically changed consciousness with the speed of an intravenous injection and fewer negative side effects.
True
False
14. The native American enema and the Old World enema
A. interestingly enough, are both thought to have come into practice, or been discovered, during the 10th century AD
B. are distinguished from one another because while the Old World enema was concerned with clearing the bowels, the New World enema was considered a delivery system for medicines and intoxicants
C. are really one and the same because the enema was unheard of before the explorers brought the practice back with them and turned it into a European craze in the use of belladonna and opium
D. are indistinguishable, except for the type of plants used; in some cases, as in members of the morning glory family, the pants used are in fact markedly similar
15. J'varo shamans must purchase tsentsaks again and again throughout their career to maintain power.
True
False
16. In the J'varo worldview, shamans use hallucinogens and tobacco to
A. induce life-changing experiences for initiation rites
B. connect with the "real" in the world that can't be seen because of the illusion experienced in normal waking life
C. see through the sky to where the gods live
D. travel to the underworld in order to communicate with spirits
17. The tsentsak, or spirit helpers, that aid J'varo shamans in their work are
A. physically embodied the Ecuadorian Wakani bird
B. perceived as tarantulas in the "illusion" of ordinary life
C. often actual objects, small enough to be swallowed, that have both natural and supernatural aspects
D. usually large natural phenomena like rivers, valleys, and mountains
18. Harner asserts that "words alone can never adequately convey the realities of shamanism" because
A. in order to really see, we need the aid of the natema
B. so much of it is a visual and non-verbal audio experience
C. the J'varo socio-economic environment must be witnessed in order to properly contextualize any description
D. so much is lost in translation from the J'varo language
19. Hutson believes that much of the academic discourse on raves in incomplete because it ignores drug use.
True
False
20. What three elements does Hutson believe are crucial to a rave?
A. dance music, long duration, ecstatic experience
B. dance music, large crowd, mind altering drugs
C. rhythmic drumming, flashing lights, ecstatic experience
D. mind altering drugs, long duration, fantastic visuals
21. Hutson argues that raver descriptions of "spiritual healing" resemble experiences of evangelical conversion.
True
False
22. Hutson found that rave was continuously described in __ terms.
A. physiological
B. mythological
C. futuristic
D. spiritual
23. Participants claim that raves promote individual identity.
True
False
24. The DJ at a rave can be described as a "technoshaman" because he/she
A. is the one to prepare the mind altering drugs used
B. helps participants to enter a trance state by chanting specific learned scriptures
C. takes ravers on a spiritual journey using learned techniques to control helper spirits
D. takes ravers on a spiritual journey using specialized knowledge of techniques of ecstasy
25. Hutson states that unlike Rainbow Family practices, raves do not include the use of "fakelore."
True
False