Assignment 2: Climate Change Research

Part I. Climate Change Basics

Step 1: Read the IPCC Summary for Policy Makers, especially sections SPM 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4, found on pages 17 - 26.

Step 2: Answer the following questions.

a. Explain in your own words what the term "ppm of CO2-equivalent concentration" (CO2-eq) means.

b. What ppm CO2-eq concentration is believed necessary in 2100 to make it likely that global average temperatures will not rise more than 2 degrees Celsius above 1850 - 1900 global average temperatures?

c. Emissions in 2050 of CO2-equivalent greenhouse gases will have to be reduced by what percent compared to observed 2010 emissions to keep CO2-eq concentration at or below this range?

d. What percentage in 2100 of observed 2010 emissions of CO2-equivalent gases is allowable to keep CO2-eq concentration at or below this range?

Part II. Climate and Energy Challenges

To meet the target limit of 2 degrees Celsius of increase in global average temperature in 2100, significant changes in our energy system for agriculture, transportation, and electricity generation will be needed. Also, further scientific research is needed (and currently underway) to better understand feedback loops, and the potential climate system impacts of continued increases in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. Choose a topic for your own further exploration, from amongst Option A or Option B prompts.

Step 1: Choose a research topic.

Option A: Investigate and report on one potential change in our energy use that could contribute to meeting the target limit. Some examples: a renewable energy source, electric cars, expanding public transport, local or no-till agriculture, etc.

Option B: Investigate and report on one area of current scientific research with regards to potential climate system impacts. Potential topics include: glacial ice sheet retreat and warmer air/ocean temperatures; oceans as a sink/source for carbon; pollution and clouds.

Step 2: Write a short research paper, a summary and analysis of your findings on the topic you chose. Cite your sources appropriately, and include a separate Works Cited page of your cited references. Use APA style. Your paper should be 4-5 pages - double-spaced, Times New Roman font, 12 point type. You will be graded on content, but writing is also evaluated. Your research paper will be reviewed for writing - organization, style, grammar and you will be given detailed feedback on it.