Assignment -

Textbook - INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY, FOURTH EDITION BY ANTHONY WALSH AND CRAIG HEMMENS.

Chapter 6: Social Process Theories

1- Explain Differential Association Theory? What are the basic assumptions of this theory to explain criminality?

2- Explain the Social Learning Theory. Briefly explain what are operant psychology, positive and negative reinforcement, positive and negative punishment and discrimination.

3- Explain Hirschi's Social Bond theory and four elements of the social bond.

4- Explain Gottfredson and Hirschi's Low Self-Control Theory.

5- Explain labeling theory. What is the difference between primary and secondary deviance?

6- Explain Sykes and Matza's Neutralization Theory. What are the five techniques of neutralization? Explain each.

Chapter 7: Critical Theories: Marxist, Conflict, and Feminist

1- Explain Karl Marx's concept of class struggle and revolution.

2- How does Conflict Theory explain crime and criminality?

3- What is peacemaking criminology and restorative justice?

4- How does feminist criminology explain criminality? Elaborate on generalizability problem and gender ratio problem in this context.

5- Explain masculinization hypothesis and emancipation hypothesis?

6- Explain Power-Control Theory.