Assignemnt

Question 1
According to Shaw and Barry, utilitarians
focus on human well-being and ignore animal welfare.
oppose animal experimentation in principle.
should include nonhuman animal pleasures and pains in the overall utilitarian calculus.
are likely to favor factory farming.

Question 2
According to the anthropocentric (or human-oriented) ethic of Baxter and others,
environmental preservation is inherently valuable.
the Grand Canyon is valuable only because people care about it.
we have a strong, almost absolute obligation to preserve species from extinction.
future people have no interests that we need to respect now.
nature has value in and of itself, apart from human beings.

Question 3
A moral vegetarian
rejects eating meat based on moral grounds.
only eats animal that were raised humanely.
does not believe animals suffer.
the pleasure we get from eating a hamburger justifies the price the animals pay.

Question 4
An ecosystem
should never be tampered with.
can be upset by human behavior.
can survive any human intervention.
is independent of all other ecosystems.

Question 5
The moral theorist William T. Blackstone claims that the right to a livable environment
would solve the problem of how to conserve resources.
prevents the use of government regulation to control the actions of business.
is a fundamental human right.
implies that non-human animals have no genuine moral rights.

Question 6
Business has considered the environment to be
a scarce commodity.
a limited supply.
free and nearly limitless.
costly.

Question 7
In consideration for the obligation to others,
we have no genuine moral obligations to future generations.
future people have a right to be born.
the U.S. uses more than its proportional share of the world's resources.
environmental protection is always a static trade-off, with a fixed economic price to be paid for the gains we want.

Question 8
Some environmental regulations (like forbidding the burning of coal in cities) benefit each and every one of us because the air we all breather is cleaner. If an individual ignores the regulation and burns coal, while others obey the regulation, then he or she
violates our right to a livable environment.
displays an ignorance of ecology.
is being a free rider.
creates an externality.

Question 9
Which of the following is true of factory farms?
They are smaller these days than they used to be.
The people who run them are brutal.
Contrary to the critics, the animals in them rarely suffer.
They permit the mass production of meat at low prices.

Question 10
A decade after wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone Park, their presence was discovered to
not change anything.
have changed the behavior of elk.
have stabilized their own population.
be disruptive.

Question 11
Concerning future generations,
all philosophers today reject the idea that future people have rights
utilitarianism dictates a radical reduction in population growth
future people have a right to be born
the social and environmental policies we adopt can affect who is born in the future

Question 12
Cost-benefit analysis
is influenced by value judgments.
values costs over benefits.
considers only short-term effects.
is a value-free social-scientific approach.

Question 13
The philosopher Tom Regan
claims that no impartial morally sensitive person could approve of the treatment of animals in factory farms if he or she knew what was going on.
argues against the use of governmental regulations to control the actions of businesses.
believes that the FTC should be abolished.
denies that non-human animals have any moral rights.

Question 14
According to the philosopher Joel Feinberg,
future generations of people have a right to be born.
future generations have no moral rights.
we have no duties to future generations.
the rights of future generations are contingent upon those people coming into existence.

Question 14
According to the philosopher Joel Feinberg,
future generations of people have a right to be born.
future generations have no moral rights.
we have no duties to future generations.
the rights of future generations are contingent upon those people coming into existence.

Question 15
"Pollution permits" are an example of which of the following methods of achieving our environmental goals?
pricing mechanisms
a laissez-faire approach
government subsidies
regulations.