Answers the question related to the topic 'Measurement "

Importance and Use of Measures; Key Concepts

True False Questions

1. Measures are methods or techniques for describing and assessing attributes of objects that are of concern to us.

2. When developing measures, it is a good idea to give each rater some license to interpret the meaning of scores as fits the specific situation.

3. To achieve standardization the content of job application tests should be the same for all applicants.

4. Scoring keys for tests should be developed immediately after the test has been administered.

5. Most staffing measures can be best described as being on a ratio scale.

6. A rank ordering of five job candidates in terms of overall qualification for the job is an example of an ordinal scale.

7. Research shows that when an attribute is measured by both objective and subjective means, there is often relatively low agreement between scores from the two types of measures.

8. The standard deviation is a measure of the central tendency of a scale.

9. The most appropriate measure of central tendency for nominal scale data is the median.

10. Standard scores are also useful for determining how a person performed, in a relative sense, on two or more tests. This is helpful for comparing relative standing across several tests.

11. If an individual has a z-score of 2.0 on a performance test, this indicates this person's score is twice as high as the average test score.

12. A correlation coefficient ranges from 0 to +1.

13. A correlation between two variables does not necessarily that one causes the other.

14. A standard level for statistical significance is p<.50.

15. With very large samples, it is possible for a fairly weak relationship to still be statistically significant.

16. Measurement standardization applies to measurement content, not the administration of measurements.

17. When numbers are assigned by category, this reflects an ordinal scale of measurement.

18. If scores are classified as "low", "medium", and high", the scale of measurement is nominal.

19. Human body weight is an example of a variable measured on a ratio scale of measure.

20. Numerical employment interview ratings represent objective measures.

21. Performance appraisal ratings are subjective measures.

22. The research literature indicates a high correlation between subjective and objective measures of performance.

23. A correlation score of minus one between two sets of scores indicates an exceptionally low association or relationship between the two sets.

24. If the correlation coefficient between variables X and Y is .90, this means that the proportion of common variance shared by the two variables is ninety percent.

25. A correlation coefficient of 1.0 between variables X and Y indicates that there is a perfect linear relationship between these two variables.

26. The correlation coefficient does not measure the change in one variable caused by another variable.

27. While correlation is valuable as an indicator of the degree of association between variables, it is generally not used as a tool for prediction.

Multiple Choice Questions

28. Which of the following is not part of the process of measurement?
A. choosing an attribute of concern
B. assessing the attribute's acceptability to applicants
C. using the measure to gauge the attribute
D. constructing a measure of the attribute


29. The process of ensuring that all test takers receive the same tests in the same context, as a way to eliminate extraneous influences on test performance is called ____________________.
A. standardization
B. optimization
C. rationalization
D. inflation

30. Which of the following statements about measurement is not correct?
A. It assigns numbers to objects.
B. It is based on rules determined in advance.
C. It measures the object not the attribute.
D. It measures constructs.

31. A nominal scale of measurement has ________.
A. rank order
B. an absolute zero point
C. classification by categories
D. equal differences between points on a scale of measurement

32. A scale in which objects are rank ordered according to how much of the attribute they possess.
A. nominal
B. ordinal
C. interval
D. ratio

33. A scale in which objects are rank ordered according to how much of the attribute they possess, with equal space between objects.
A. nominal
B. ordinal
C. interval
D. ratio


34. A scale in which a given attribute is categorized, and numbers are assigned to the categories, but there is no order or level implied among the categories.
A. nominal
B. ordinal
C. interval
D. ratio

35. Rankings of the finishes of competitors in a foot race is an example of a(n) _______.
A. ratio scale
B. ordinal scale
C. interval scale
D. none of the above

36. Length in inches is an example of a(n) _________.
A. ratio scale
B. nominal scale
C. ordinal scale
D. interval scale

37. The most appropriate measure of central tendency for nominal data is the ______.
A. mean
B. median
C. standard deviation
D. mode

38. The variability of a measure is best captured by the _____________.
A. mean and standard deviation
B. range and standard deviation
C. range and median
D. mode and mean


39. The likelihood that a correlation exists in a population, based on knowledge of the actual value of r in a sample from that population is the ____________.
A. practical significance
B. likelihood ratio
C. functional statistic
D. statistical significance

40. Which of the following results represents statistically significance as it is commonly understood?
A. r = .30
B. p < .05
C. r > .10
D. all of the above

41. A z score of 3.0 for a job applicant's score on an aptitude test indicates the applicant ______.
A. achieved a score 3 points higher than the average score
B. received a score 3 standard deviations above the mean score
C. had a score 3 percent higher than the average score
D. had a score plus or minus 3 points relative to the mean score

42. The correlation coefficient expresses _________.
A. causality
B. variance
C. strength of the relationship between two variables
D. the range between two variables

43. A complete lack of correlation between two variables is expressed by a correlation coefficient of _________.
A. .50
B. 1.00
C. -1.00
D. zero


44. The larger the correlation coefficient, _________.
A. the greater the practical significance
B. the smaller its practical significance
C. the larger its range
D. the smaller its statistical significance

45. The proper test to determine that a given sample correlation is statistically significant as an estimate of a correlation in a population is the __________.
A. z score
B. standard deviation
C. squared correlation coefficient
D. the t test

46. Which of the following levels of statistical significance would provide the most confidence that a sample correlation coefficient would not be interpreted as having a relationship in the population, when, in fact, there is no such relationship?
A. .10
B. .50
C. .01
D. .05