Answer one of the Following:

1.) Discuss Islam between 1000 and 1400 CE. How did politics, society and culture change during this period? Why did they change? What role did the various ethnic groups in the Dar al-Islam play in this change? What role did gender play?

2.) How did Islam deal with the pressure of invasions and movements of peoples between 1000 and 1400 CE? What obstacles did these invasions and movements present? Discuss the loss of Al-Andalus, the Crusades, the invasion of the Mongols, the movement of the Turks and the conquests of Timur Lang.

3.) Discuss the diversity of Islam between 1000 and 1400 CE? How did politics and culture change? Be sure to discuss the various Shi'ite groups , the various Sunni Shari'a groups and Sufism.

Part 2: Identify five of the following:

Saladin

Almohads

Ibn Rushd (Averroes)

Ribat

Greater Concealment

Ghazi

Mamluks

Il-Khanate

Delhi Sultanate

Ibn Taymiya

Ijtihad