Answer all of the questions.

Short Answer Questions (approx. 3-5 sentences each)

1. Explain Mill's distinction between the qualities of pleasure.

2. What are the two key assumptions that Rosalind McDougall makes, and why are they important for her approach to issues of reproductive technologies?

3. What is Kant's Principle of Humanity? Explain in detail, expanding on key terms.

4. Suppose there is a murderer that comes to the door and wants to know where your family members are. You know that this murderer has every intention of killing your family members.
According to Kant, it is morally wrong for you to lie to the murderer to mislead them. Explain why this is so using Kant's principle of universalizability.

5. According to Aristotle, what is a virtue? Are virtues sufficient to live the good life? Why or why not?

6. Which of the shopkeepers in Kant's shopkeeper example is/are acting in accordance with duty, and which is/are acting from duty? What is it to act from duty?

7. What is cultural relativism? What is one undesirable consequence of cultural relativism, and why is it a serious concern for cultural relativists?

Essay Questions (approx. 1-2 pages each)

8. How does Singer argue that we ought to give significant amounts of our wealth to alleviate world poverty? Be sure to explain his two assumptions (you can choose to present the stronger or weaker argument; it is not necessary to present both). In what way(s) is Singer providing a utilitarian argument, and in what way(s) is he not?

9. Explain how McDougall applies virtue ethics to reproductive technology. Be sure to elaborate on her two assumptions about parenthood and how those assumptions contribute to her overall argument.

10. What is Pogge's argument that we have a duty to alleviate world poverty? Explain in detail. In what ways is his argument a deontological one?