An important aspect of any personality theory is the image of human nature formulated by the theorist. Each theorist has a conception of human nature that addresses issues at the core of what it means to be human. When reading the course material, consider how each theorist covered deals with these questions.

Uniqueness or Universality?

Is personality so individualistic that we cannot compare ourselves to others or are there similar patterns of behavior that can be seen across groups, at least within cultures?

Equilibrium or Growth?

Is our major motivation in life to maintain internal equilibrium (obtain pleasure, avoid pain, and minimize stress) or do we seek to grow, to realize our full potential, and aim higher?